L-ascorbyl palmitate (ASP) is an oil-soluble derivative of ascorbic acid which is used extensively in food, cosmetics industry, and medical hygiene. Enzymatic synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate in tert-butyl alcohol was carried out using indigenously immobilized lipase preparation PyCal with ascorbic acid and palmitic acid as starting material. The developed batch process under optimized reaction conditions resulted in conversion of 90% with relatively shorter reaction time of 6 h. Continuous process in packed bed reactor gave conversion of 50% with space time yield of 15.46 g/L/h which was found to be higher than the reported literature on enzymatic synthesis of ascorbyl palmitate. The immobilized lipase used in the present work showed good reusability. Characterization of formed ascorbyl palmitate was carried out by FTIR, MS/MS, H-NMR, and C-NMR. The enzymatic process resulted in selective synthesis of 6-O-L-ascorbyl palmitate with purity of 98.6% and no side product formation. The use of underivatized starting materials, high space time yield of 15.46 g L h, high recyclability of catalyst, and no by-product formation make the overall process highly efficient and clean in terms of energy consumption and waste generation, respectively. The optimized reaction parameters for ascorbyl palmitate synthesis in the present study can be used as a useful reference for industrial synthesis of fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid by enzymatic route.
HighlightsSynthesis of modified fats by enzymatic acidolysis of fully hydrogenated soybean oil with caprylic acid.Indigenously immobilized sn 1,3 specific lipase used as catalyst.Production of modified fats in shortened reaction time.Significant change in the physico-chemical properties of newly formed product as observed using DSC and XRD analysis.Synthesized product has potential to be used in formulation of functional foods.
Enzymatic synthesis of glyceryl monoundecylenate (GMU) was performed using indigenously immobilized Candida anatarctica lipase B preparation (named as PyCal) using glycerol and undecylenic acid as substrates. The effect of molar ratio, enzyme load, reaction time, and organic solvent on the reaction conversion was determined. Both batch and continuous processes for GMU synthesis with shortened reaction time were developed. Under optimized batch reaction conditions such as 1:5 molar ratio of undecylenic acid and glycerol, 2 h of reaction time at 30% substrate concentration in tert-butyl alcohol, conversion of 82% in the absence of molecular sieve, and conversion of 93% in the presence of molecular sieve were achieved. Packed bed reactor studies resulted in high conversion of 86% in 10-min residence time. Characterization of formed GMU was performed by FTIR, MS/MS. Enzymatic process resulted in GMU as a predominant product in high yield and shorter reaction time periods with GMU content of 92% and DAG content of 8%. Optimized GMU synthesis in the present study can be used as a useful reference for industrial synthesis of fatty acid esters of glycerol by the enzymatic route.
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