Proper implementation of NANDA-I is a prerequisite to the better understanding of nursing language.

Background: Knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management have an influence on medical judgment and patients' perception of pain control. Aim: To assess and compare oncology and non-oncology nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain management. Method: A cross sectional descriptive comparative design was used. Nurses were recruited conveniently from one specialized oncology center and one main general medical city in Jordan. Participants were required to complete a specific questionnaire. The total number of participant was 207 nurses (124 oncology and 93 non-oncology nurses). Results: It was evident that oncology nurses received post-registration training or courses in the field of pain management more than non-oncology nurses. Both oncology and non-oncology nurses exhibited an appropriate knowledge and attitude toward pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management strategies. However, oncology nurses scored higher in the overall knowledge and attitude toward pain compared to non-oncology nurses. Nurses showed knowledge deficit in assuming the risk for addiction and the use of narcotics in pediatric patients. Conclusions: The study revealed that oncology nurses were more knowledgeable compared to non-oncology nurses in managing pain. Professional development for nurses in the field of pain management is required whether during academic preparations or post-graduation.

Background: Applying standardized perioperative guidelines for cardiac surgery helps to improve patient satisfaction, and quality of care, improve staff education and decrease organizational costs also promotes the outcome of patients undergoing surgery during their entire perioperative trip. Aim of the study: Effect of education guidelines on health outcomes and satisfaction for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Design: A quasiexperimental design was a charity for this study. Setting: This study was shown in the cardiothoracic surgery department and also in the outpatients' clinic at the cardiothoracic and vascular surgeries center at Mansoura University. Subjects: Purposive sample patients undergoing cardiac surgery including all adult patients who were admitted for 6 months nearly 120 cardiac patients. Tools: Three tools were used for data gathering, demographic characteristics and perioperative knowledge tool for cardiac surgery patients, Rand Patients' Health Outcomes Scale tool, and Theresa Bucco-Satisfaction scale tool. The results: Before applying educational guidelines, there were no significant differences between studied patients in perioperative knowledge, health outcome, and satisfaction. However, after applying health education guidelines the perioperative knowledge, health outcome, and satisfaction improved. Conclusion: Applying health education guidelines have a significant positive impact on patients' knowledge, and health outcome as promotes quality of care, decrease organizational costs, also the satisfaction of patients undergoing surgery. Recommendation: Training the cardiac patients should be existing for preoperative assessment nurses who are training patients to be prepared for their surgical pathway.