BackgroundSubstance abuse is a chronic phenomenon that affects many physical, psychological, social, familial and economic elements. Abusers are left with severely reduced interaction both with other individuals and society.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the spiritual health of addicts and people with a normal quality of life in the city of Birjand, Iran.Patients and MethodsThe sample consisted of 100 non-addicted subjects and 100 patients who were drug addicts in treatment centers and rehabilitation facilities both public and private in Birjand. Normal sampling measures were used to find subjects of the same age and gender. The subjects completed a spiritual health questionnaire and the short form of the world health organization’s (WHO) Quality of life questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using multivariate ANOVA.ResultsThe results of ANOVA showed significant differences between addicted and non addicted individual on spiritual well-being subscales.ConclusionsThe strengthening of spiritual and religious attitudes among drug users encourages them to engage in and justify actions that are relevant to their health. When this happens, their quality of life increases significantly.
This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between religiosity with parental anxiety and number of children. The population included the women of Alborz province and Tehran province (the first group included the parents with one child and the second included parents with two children and more) that among them 384 people were selected as the sample by probability (random) sampling method. The research tools were religiosity questionnaire of Khodayarifard et al. (2008) and Spielberger (1970) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data were analyzed using inferential statistics of Pearson correlation. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the number of children and maternal anxiety (R=-0.16); therefore, the results indicate the need for further attention of authorities of public health and educators to the field of religiosity and the number of children. The results also showed the role of religiosity in reducing Iranian families' anxiety.
Background: Self-efficacy is one of the major topics in psychology; reflecting the beliefs of a person in his/her abilities. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between religious belief, life expectancy and self-efficacy of students in the city of Shiraz.
Patients and Methods:The statistical population of the present study followed a correlation type and consisted of all students in Shiraz in academic year 2013-2014, of whom 243 individuals were selected using Morgan table through stratified sampling method and Temple and Sherer's Life expectancy and self-efficacy questionnaires. The regression and independent t-test were used to determine and analyze the variables.
Results:The results showed that students' religious beliefs and life expectancy predict their self-efficacy (P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that people with religious beliefs enjoy higher self-expectancy and self-efficacy.
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