Studies have indicated that lack of regular physical exercise and not adhering to a health-promoting lifestyle among student nurses are barriers to their encouraging patients to exercise. On the other hand, nurses who personally embrace physical activity are more likely to encourage their patients to improve their health through physical activity or diet. As a result, promoting an active and healthy lifestyle among student nurses is important because this has a crucial role in their subsequently encouraging healthy lifestyles among their patients. The aims of this study were to determine the physical activity levels and health-promoting lifestyles among student nurses in Malaysia, and to investigate whether there was a correlation between the physical activity levels of student nurses and their lifestyle habits. Further investigation was also carried out to correlate lifestyle habits with physical activity during weekdays and at the weekends. This study involved 189 student nurses who were pursuing Diplomas and Bachelor Degrees in local government universities. The Yamax Digi-Walker pedometer was used to measure physical activity, while the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) II questionnaire was used to assess the health-promoting lifestyles of the participants. The HPLP II consisted of six sub-scales which included health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, and stress management. According to the results on physical activity, the student nurses had a mean of 8275.97 ± 2210.174 steps per day and were thus categorised as somewhat active. Additionally, the student nurses were found to be more active during weekends (M = 8389.75, SD = 2689.12) as compared to weekdays (M = 8230.46, SD = 2353.97). According to previous studies, both step counts are classified in the "somewhat active" category. Overall, the results for HPLP II showed that student nurses students in Malaysia had a positive health-promoting lifestyle with a score of 2.58 ± 0.34 on a 4-point Likert scale. The highest score was reported in spiritual growth, with a score of 2.92 ± 0.43. Meanwhile, physical activity was observed to be the lowest, with a score of * Corresponding author. S. K. Geok et al. 791.74 ± 0.39. The results found no correlation between physical activity and overall health-promoting lifestyle among student nurses in Malaysia (r = 0.06, n = 189, p < 0.37). However, there was a significant relationship between physical activity (measured by the pedometer) and physical activity habit (measured through the questionnaire) among the student nurses (r = 0.24, n = 189, p < 0.01). According to the findings, when the participants indicated in the questionnaire that they were active physically, the pedometer readings also showed a corresponding similarity in terms of their daily physical activities.

The paper reports and discusses the findings of a study conducted to assess the role of dictionary strategy in passive vocabulary knowledge acquisition of the Net Generation students. The Net Generation students are students who consider computers a natural part of their environment. Passive vocabulary knowledge is usually defined as what one needs to know about a word in order to use it in reading and listening. The dictionary strategy is made up of three sub-strategies namely using the strategy for comprehension, the extended dictionary strategy, and the looking-up strategy. Vocabulary Learning Questionnaire is used to measure the preference level of the dictionary strategy as one of the vocabulary learning strategies. Simultaneously, the Net Generation students' passive vocabulary knowledge is assessed using the Vocabulary Levels Test. 360 university students aged between 18 to 21 years old are involved. Though generally the dictionary strategy is preferred by the students as one of their vocabulary learning strategies, it has a negative correlation with the passive vocabulary knowledge. Out of the three sub-strategies, using dictionary strategy for comprehension and extended dictionary strategy establish negative correlations with the passive vocabulary knowledge. Nevertheless, the looking-up strategy has a positive correlation. Further discussion focuses on the possible reasons why guessing strategy does not work for them.

Quality of education prepares one to meet the challenges in the society and therefore, become economically productive, contribute to peaceful and independent societies and enhance individual well-being. In recent years, TQM and school climate has received worldwide attention and been adopted in many educational institutions, particularly in developed countries. However, in developing countries the amount of research is scarce into successful implementation of TQM and school climate. This study aims to investigate the relationships, between TQM and school climate with the key dimension of teachers’ student’s relationship, decision making, collaborative, teaching innovation and school resources to achieve high school performance. The purpose of this study is to highlight the concept of TQM in the field of educational institutions to achieve the quality in education. In order to understand the issue, this conceptual paper reviewed several published research papers and identify the TQM and school climate dimensions to make a conceptual framework. The main objective of this paper is to focus on the effects of total quality management on students’ academic achievement of secondary school students in Pakistan with better school climate.

This study investigates the relationship between self-confidence and mathematic achievement among students on grad 6 th in Southern Thailand. This study conducted by quasi-experimental research design used cooperative learning by STAD technique. A sample of 72 primary school students (36 treatment group; 36 control group) was employed for this intervention study. The attitude toward mathematic inventory (ATMI) was employed over 15 weeks. The result found that cooperative learning by STAD technique improving students' self-confidence in mathematic class. The student's studies in a small group have to interact with each other in the group and each member has their role to play in the group to improve their social interaction.

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