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This study aims to identify the effect of Principals' Technology Leadership on Teachers' Technology Integration in Malaysian secondary schools. This is a crosssectional survey where systematic random sampling was carried out to select 47 principals and 375 teachers from National Secondary Schools in the northern region of Kedah, Malaysia. Two questionnaires were used: Principals Technology Leadership Assessment (PTLA), which is based on the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE)-Standards for Administrators (2014) was administered to principals, while the Learning with ICT: Measuring ICT Use in the Curriculum Instrument was administered to the teachers from the same schools as the principals. Descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 25, and SmartPLS was used for inferential analysis. Although the findings showed that the levels of Technology Leadership; the five constructs of ISTE (2014), and Teachers' Technology Integration were at high levels but, there was no significant relationship between Principals' Technology Leadership and Teachers' Technology Integration in the selected schools in the northern region of Kedah. Principals' preparatory programmes should emphasize leadership based on technology to enhance the integration of technology in classrooms. Further research on professional development for principals' is recommended.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between teacher competence and 21 st century skills. Besides, the study also examines the influence of each dimension on teacher competence that contributes to predictive factors in 21 st century teachers' skills in teaching. A total of 242 secondary school teachers TS25 Cohort 1 North Zone of Peninsular Malaysia selected as study participants. The study also used quantitative approaches involving systematic random sampling. There are two instruments used in the study which are variables of teacher competence based on the Malaysian Teacher Standards by the Ministry of Education Malaysia (2009) and 21 st century skills based on the 21st Century Knowledge and Skills in Teacher Educator framework by Partnership For 21st Century Skills (2010). The analysis of the study shows that there is a robust and positive relationship between professional competence and 21 st century skills among teachers. The findings also predict that personal characteristics, pedagogy, professional, information and communication technology (ICT), as well as school management and development, are significant contributors to 21 st century skills. The findings also show that the dimensions of teacher competence have the potential to help further develop the potential of teachers in line with 21 st century learning (PAK-21) concepts. The 21 st century skills are the heartbeat for teachers to improve the quality of teaching in line with current educational developments.

The objective of the present study was to determine whether teacher collaboration is a mediator of the strategic leadership and teaching quality in schools. This study involved 300 teachers in the high prestige secondary schools in Kelantan, Malaysia, whereby a cross-sectional survey approach using a standard questionnaire was used. The strategic leadership instrument used has been adapted from Hairuddin Ali (2012), while the collaborative instrument has been adapted from Barkema and Moran (2013). In addition, to measure the teaching quality among teachers, the researcher adapted the questionnaire that has been developed by Shahril Marzuki (2005). The findings from multiple regression analysis show that teacher collaboration is a mediator of strategic leadership and teaching quality (B=0.14, p<.05). It was recommended among others that the school leaders should continue to strengthen collaborative practices among teachers as an effort to improve teaching quality in their respective schools which in turn will help to improve school excellence, especially across the current era of globalization.

Mobile technology is a growing technology in the education system around the world. Today's educational resources are easily accessible by using mobile technology at anytime and anywhere. As mobile technology is so essential, principals should play a vital role in stimulating teachers' efforts to use these devices as teaching aids in the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the level of technology leadership, mobile technology integration and the relationship between the two variables. In addition, the study examines the influence of principals' technology leadership dimensions such as visionary leadership, digital age learning culture, excellence in professional practice, systemic improvement, and digital citizenship as predictors of teachers' mobile technology integration in teaching. A total of 376 secondary school teachers in the state of Kedah, Northern of Malaysia were selected as respondents through a quantitative approach involving systematic random sampling. This study also uses two instruments, namely the Principals Technology Leadership Assessment (PTLA) based on the NETS-A and UTAUT2. The results of the data analysis revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between principals' technology leadership and teachers' mobile technology integration in teaching process. Meanwhile, the findings also predicted that visionary leadership, systemic improvement and digital citizenship were the most significant contributors in influencing teachers to integrate mobile technology at secondary schools.

<span>The application of information technology and communication (ICT) in education has a significant impact on teachers. Administrators pressure them to use ICT to improve the quality of teaching and to learn in the classroom. However, teachers are still skeptical of the ability to embody pedagogical strategies through the use of ICT. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between principals’ technology leadership and teachers’ self-efficacy. The study also determined the dimensions of technology leadership that are predictors to the empowerment of teachers' self-efficacy in using ICT. There are two instruments used, namely NETS-A and TSES. The respondents of the study consisted of 376 teachers in Malaysia. The study was conducted based on a quantitative approach, and respondents were selected through multi-level sampling. The results of the t-test found no significant difference for the gender of teachers on the improvement of self-efficacy. Through correlation testing, there was a moderate relationship between technology leadership and teachers’ self-efficacy. Even so, there is 24% of the influence of technology leadership that affects teachers' self-efficacy. Two contributing dimensions are excellence in professional practice and digital citizenship. In summary, principals can generate a revival of teachers' self -efficacy if they wisely encourage them to use ICT. Principals should be role models to teachers and students in ensuring that the concept of pedagogy in the classroom is always carried out through an ICT approach.</span>

This study was conducted to determine the relationship and the effect of school leaders' authentic leadership towards teachers' job stress. A cross-sectional quantitative approach using a questionnaire has been used on 330 teachers from 143 excellent performance primary schools in the Eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Authentic Leadership Questionnaire instrument (ALQ) was adopted from Walumbwa et al., (2008) and Teachers' Work Stress instrument (TWS) by Collie et al. (2012) and Boyle, Borg, Falzon, & Jr. (1995) was used to obtain the data. Descriptive statistical analysis shows that the level of authentic leadership among the leaders is high and the level of teachers' job stress is. The finding also revealed that there is a moderate negative significant relationship between school leaders' authentic leadership and teachers' job stress. Furthermore, Stepwise's multiple regression analysis shows that authentic leadership also contributed a significant negative impact on teachers' job stress. This study recommends that school leaders adopt authentic leadership in their practices to improve and manage teachers' job stress which in turn will help to improve school excellence, especially across the current era of globalization.

<span>The integration of mobile technology is not a new thing nowadays. It became increasingly applied after the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Teachers need to use mobile technology devices widely to improve teaching effectiveness. This study aimed to explore the elements of teachers' acceptance of mobile technology as a learning alternative. The respondents consisted of 422 teachers in 24 secondary schools around Kedah, Malaysia. The results showed that teachers are impressed to integrate mobile technology based on three dimensions: effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit. This situation reflects teachers' willingness to translate their pedagogical abilities through the medium of technology. It has also recognized that internal motivation and teachers' natural habits are the driving force behind integrating mobile technology as a teaching aid to digital technology. Thus, mobile technology is a trend of daily use and can be utilized as the most advanced pedagogical material to go through learning in the 21st century.</span>