Extreme environmental conditions will consequently become a disturbance on all phases of plant growth. Malaysia is one of the developing countries that face challenges of extreme environmental conditions from climate change such as water availability and soil salinity. In response to global climate change, plants are trying to survive through several adaptation mechanisms. Clitoria ternatea or also known as Butterfly pea flower is a potential plant that can tolerate different environmental parameters. Besides, C. ternatea contains essential phytochemical compounds for pharmaceuticals, textile, medicinal and food industries. C. ternatea is originated from tropical Asia countries and it is widely available in the Asian region. Butterfly pea flower has attractive petal colours due to the presence of its bioactive compounds. C. ternatea is claimed as curing various ailments and has great antioxidant activity due to their bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, alkaloid, steroid, tannin, reducing sugars and flavonoid. Clitoria ternatea has been evaluated as a potential medicinal plant, such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and prevent from cardiovascular damage. Meanwhile, by varying different environmental parameters, the adaptations of phytochemical in C. ternatea is expressed variously. Hence, this paper reviews the physiological effect of growth conditions on Clitoria ternatea and its effect on the production of beneficial phytoconstituents.
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of incubation temperature towards the growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and the production of bacterial cellulose. Fermentation of A.xylinum 0416 were carried out for 5 days in static condition using Hestrin & Schramm (HS) medium with initial glucose concentration of 4.0% (w/v) and initial pH of 6.4. The incubation temperature were varied at 5°C, 20°C, 25°C, 27°C, 28°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C respectively. Results indicated that 28°C served as the best incubation temperature for the growth of A.xylinum 0416 and produced the highest amount of bacterial cellulose with total dried weight of 0.3722 g/l. Meanwhile at incubation temperature of 5°C and 40°C, no significant growth of A.xylinum 0416 and bacterial cellulose were obtained. As a conclusion, incubation temperature plays an important role for the growth of A.xylinum 0416. The best incubation temperature is at 28°C in which the sufficient energy will be provided for bacterial growth thus enhancing the cellulose biosynthetic pathway in order to convert glucose into bacterial cellulose.
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