Green and sustainable engineering business models have become a major topic across industries due to concerns regarding environmental issues and the decline of natural resources. Remanufacturing is showing promise as a preferable solution in terms of environmental, societal, and economic factors compared to alternatives such as repairing, reconditioning, and recycling. By considering the nature of the closed cycle loop system, this paper proposes the idea of a transitional agenda into remanufacturing. However, different countries should employ different approaches to such a transition in order to appropriately account for and integrate diverse stakeholders, perspectives, and preferences. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate prioritized elements and sub-elements in the development of a transitional decision-making framework (TDMF) in the Malaysian automotive industry by applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Aggregation of individual and group judgement is done for prioritised elements and their sub-elements, which are then ranked accordingly using element weights based on the acceptance of individual and group consistency index values.
The photovoltaic system is the most significant conversion device for solar energy compared to other available systems. It converts solar radiation into electricity, but the performance of the PV module degrades as the PV temperature increases. This is because only selected bands of wavelength, 0.35 to 0.82 μm, are converted into electricity while the remaining solar radiation will generate heat in the PV system. In order to maintain PV performance, the operating PV temperature can be maintained by applying various cooling methods, which are either passive or active. Some wavelengths, such as UV and Infrared, need to be eliminated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effects related to the presence of water in the filtered PV module. At the end of this study, the performance of the PV with and without the water filter was compared, and the results show that the PV module with the water filter achieved a higher efficiency of 9.96% compared to the filtered PV module without water, which had an efficiency of 9.61%.
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