Abstract:Green and sustainable engineering business models have become a major topic across industries due to concerns regarding environmental issues and the decline of natural resources. Remanufacturing is showing promise as a preferable solution in terms of environmental, societal, and economic factors compared to alternatives such as repairing, reconditioning, and recycling. By considering the nature of the closed cycle loop system, this paper proposes the idea of a transitional agenda into remanufacturing. However,… Show more
“…For example, in 2015, the European Commission set up the action plan "Closing the Loop" [78]. Remanufacturing conventional cars from end-of-life parts saves energy, materials, and costs [79]. In developing countries, several companies specialize in this type of production.…”
Section: Discussion: Outlook On the Open Innovation In The Automotivementioning
Did the diesel scandal of 2015 affect the market for cars? We consider this question in relation to Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Starting with historical registration data of cars with different drivetrain technologies, we considered each technology in isolation and fitted a five-parameter Bertalanffy–Pütter (BP) growth model to the stocks of cars. We used this model as it generalizes several well-known three-parameter models, which are distinguished by their exponent pair, e.g., Brody model BP (0, 1), West model BP (0.75, 1), and logistic growth BP (1, 2). We then used these models to derive a Lotka–Volterra (LV) model for the co-evolution of the (annual) market shares of the different drivetrain technologies. We augmented this model by a consideration of model uncertainty and found that initially all technologies were in a state of competition, except for Austria, which changed in 2015 to a predator–prey situation with diesel as the sole prey. This analysis of model uncertainty compared the best-fitting growth curve with the growth trajectories of other likely (Akaike weight 5% or higher) models of BP type. We conclude with remarks about open innovation.
“…For example, in 2015, the European Commission set up the action plan "Closing the Loop" [78]. Remanufacturing conventional cars from end-of-life parts saves energy, materials, and costs [79]. In developing countries, several companies specialize in this type of production.…”
Section: Discussion: Outlook On the Open Innovation In The Automotivementioning
Did the diesel scandal of 2015 affect the market for cars? We consider this question in relation to Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Starting with historical registration data of cars with different drivetrain technologies, we considered each technology in isolation and fitted a five-parameter Bertalanffy–Pütter (BP) growth model to the stocks of cars. We used this model as it generalizes several well-known three-parameter models, which are distinguished by their exponent pair, e.g., Brody model BP (0, 1), West model BP (0.75, 1), and logistic growth BP (1, 2). We then used these models to derive a Lotka–Volterra (LV) model for the co-evolution of the (annual) market shares of the different drivetrain technologies. We augmented this model by a consideration of model uncertainty and found that initially all technologies were in a state of competition, except for Austria, which changed in 2015 to a predator–prey situation with diesel as the sole prey. This analysis of model uncertainty compared the best-fitting growth curve with the growth trajectories of other likely (Akaike weight 5% or higher) models of BP type. We conclude with remarks about open innovation.
“…This criteria tree comprises a multilevel structure for the component in the SMCA analysis and helps in the AHP calculation process. The criteria tree is also a crucial resource in the Decision Supporting System (DSS) by focusing on the objectives of the study and formulating the strategy or intervention toward the selected criteria (Misran, Roslin, & Nur, 2020). The AHP flowchart can be seen in Figure 2.…”
Rapid urbanization and growth in the Kalurahan Wonokromo, situated in the peri-urban area of Yogyakarta City causes the loss of children's playgrounds while the number of children is increasing. Preserving the remaining space for Green Open Space (GOS) is crucial. Amid the space limit, choosing the right location is one of the keys to ensuring the space functions optimally. We employ the Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) in selecting several location candidates for the development of GOS using 9 criteria of tree cover, existing open green space, ricefield, social facilities, accessibility, distance to school, presence of small shop, children density, and the riverbank. The SMCA analysis is powered by Analytical Hierarchical Process using expert judgment combined with GIS analysis to yield the weight priority and score for each criterion. As the result, the score for each criterion is 0.3218 for existing open green space, 0.1616 for social facilities 0.1446 for small shops, 0.1265 for roads or accessibility, 0.085 for vegetation, 0.0504 for distance to school, 0.0499 for the riverbank, 0.0367 for the children density, 0.0234 for the ricefield. We obtain 9 candidates for the GOS. The Kalurahan Wonokromo has also planned to build and rehabilitate the open space but needs to acknowledge the needs for GOS from gated communities and pesantren communities as the different types of communities with a different kind of GOS.
“…We calculated the relative weights between factors through pairwise comparison using a nine-point scale and finally obtained a comprehensive weight for each indicator. We verified whether the evaluation items evaluated by the respondents were logical and consistent using Equations ( 9) and (10) [32][33][34]. As a result of verification, we judged that the evaluation items were rational only if the consistency ratio (CR) was 10% or less [35]:…”
Section: Quantitative Evaluation Based On Sdrimentioning
Recently, with the increased frequency of disasters, the demand for measures to secure the golden hour after disasters has been increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and select road infrastructures for effective disaster response. The purpose of this study was to determine emergency road networks for rapid rescue, paramedical activity, and resource transfer in the event of an earthquake in Seoul (including nearby areas). Decisions were made to select a suitable emergency road network in Seoul based on the collection and management of earthquake-related data, grid-based quantitative evaluation of factors regarding demands during disasters and provision of response resources, link-based importance evaluation and grouping analysis, and results of grid and link evaluations. Analysis was first conducted on 16 types of disaster demands, including building, facility, demographic, and response resource-provision data. An expert survey was conducted, and each factor was weighted and integrated into the grid structure for grid-based analysis. Roads and bridges that could play critical roles in an earthquake were selected and grouped in the road network for link-based analysis. The final emergency road network was chosen based on the quantitative and qualitative results from the second and third stages.
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