Understanding the strategies of bacterial infections requires an extensive knowledge of the essential role virulence factors play in bacterial pathogenicity. These components are essential in spreading of the infection, the capacity of the bacteria to avoid host defenses and the start of disease. The absence or presence of certain virulence factors has significant influence on the rate of infection dissemination. Virulence factors are divided into four groups: adhesion factors, invasion factors, toxin factors and immune evasion factors. The review here, addresses how virulence parameters affect host cells and tissues, how they may influence disease development and how they may be utilized to identify and treat bacterial infections. Controlling virulence parameters is also an important aspect of this. Virulence parameters expression can be influenced by variety of genetic and environmental variables, including quorum sensing which is not always present. Finally developing efficient prevention and therapeutic techniques for bacterial infections requires detailed understanding of the control of virulence parameters. Indicating the important role of virulence factors in bacterial pathogenicity is vital in the development of powerful treatment methods.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system (LIBS) had been designed for analysis of the industrial alloy via analysis induced plasma emission, laser spectroscopy to plasma produce one of the applications resulting from the interaction of the laser beam with material. The design consists of Nd:YAG laser passively QSwitched with output energy (50-mJ @ 1064 nm) and (9 ns) pulse duration the laser beam was focused via converging lens with a focal length (100mm) that generates (7.07*10 8 W/mm 2 ) power intensity, optical analysis system was used that operated on the analysis of plasma light resulting from the interaction of lasers with the target, within spectrum range of 320-740 nm and (0.5nm) optical resolution. The analysis results obtained show a variety of metallic elements in the industrial alloy, the results obtained by using X-ray fluorescence system (XRF), and other spectral references have been compared. LIBS have shown detection of the main elements in the sample with other elements are manganese, aluminum, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and carbon, these elements not identified in the XRF.
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