A diaphragm-based Fapry-Perot interferometry (FPI) fiber optic sensor that uses a super luminescent emitting diode (SLED) source was designed and tested for on-line detection of the acoustic waves. The single-mode fiber (SMF) and a diaphragm use as sensors, SMF captured in a glass tube to form an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI). Investigation fallouts show that this optical fiber acoustic-optics sensor is suitable and efficient for sensing acoustic signals by the vibrated diaphragm and the advantage fiber has a high bandwidth and sensitivity.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system (LIBS) had been designed for analysis of the industrial alloy via analysis induced plasma emission, laser spectroscopy to plasma produce one of the applications resulting from the interaction of the laser beam with material. The design consists of Nd:YAG laser passively QSwitched with output energy (50-mJ @ 1064 nm) and (9 ns) pulse duration the laser beam was focused via converging lens with a focal length (100mm) that generates (7.07*10 8 W/mm 2 ) power intensity, optical analysis system was used that operated on the analysis of plasma light resulting from the interaction of lasers with the target, within spectrum range of 320-740 nm and (0.5nm) optical resolution. The analysis results obtained show a variety of metallic elements in the industrial alloy, the results obtained by using X-ray fluorescence system (XRF), and other spectral references have been compared. LIBS have shown detection of the main elements in the sample with other elements are manganese, aluminum, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and carbon, these elements not identified in the XRF.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising atomic emission based elemental analysis technique that has many potential applications for various samples. This paper presents the implementation of calibration free laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) approach to identify and determine the concentration of elements in Iraqi cement samples collected from local market. Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with energy laser pulse of 100 mJ and pulse duration of 9 ns is focused on cement pellet surface to generate a plasma spark in air. The plasma emission spectrum was recorded by the spectrometer connected to the fiber optic and resolved spectra were used for identification and quantification of detected elements. The produced plasma temperature was obtained from the Boltzmann plot method while their electron density was determined by Saha-Boltzmann equation. The major elements such as Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Mg and minor Mn, Ti, K and Na elements have been identified and their concentrations calculated based on analysis of the spectrum that contain all information needed to derive the elemental composition of the cement matrix.
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