The current study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorative effect of fucoidan against aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal toxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-four Wister albino male rats were randomly assigned into eight groups (8 rats each) that received normal saline, fucoidan (FUC) at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks, streptozotocin (STZ) at 50 mg/kg/i.p. single dose, STZ plus FUC, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) at 50 μg/kg/i.p. after one month of the beginning of the experiment for 2 weeks, AFB 1 plus FUC, STZ plus AFB 1 , or STZ plus AFB 1 and FUC. Injection of rats with STZ induced hyperglycemia. Rats with STZ-induced diabetes, with or without AFB 1 intoxication, had significantly elevated activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and levels of serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, these rats exhibited increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, administration of FUC to diabetic rats, with or without AFB 1 intoxication, ameliorated the altered serum parameters, reduced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory biomarkers, and enhanced the antioxidant defense system in the hepatic and renal tissues. These results indicated that FUC ameliorated diabetes and AFB 1 -induced hepatorenal injuries through alleviating oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation.

Gentamicin is an effective widely used antibiotic, but the risk of nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage limit its long-term use. Hence, the current study aims to elucidate such hazardous effects. To achieve the study aim male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed to gentamicin to investigate the resultant blood chemical changes and renal histological alterations. In comparison with control rats, gentamicin produced outstanding tubular, glomerular and interstitial alterations that included degeneration, necrosis, cytolysis and cortical tubular desquamation together with mesangial hypercellularity, endothelial cell proliferation and blood capillary congestion. Compared with control animals significant blood chemical changes (P < 0.05) including free radicals, ALT, AST, ALP, serum creatinine and serum urea were recorded in gentamicin-injected animals. The findings revealed that exposure to gentamicin can induce significant histological alterations in the kidney as well as remarkable blood chemical changes that might indicate marked renal failure.

The study of bioactive molecules of natural origin is a focus of current research. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba are two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population in the traditional treatment of several pathologies linked to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the essential oils extracted from these two medicinal plants, and also their potential toxicity. Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: the scavenging of the free radical DPPH, and the reduction in iron. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by evaluating the edema development induced by carrageenan injecting, while the analgesic power was evaluated according to the number of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.7%). The acute oral toxicity was performed to assess the potential toxicity of the studied EOs, followed by an analysis of the blood biochemical parameters. The results of the two antioxidant tests indicated that our extract mixture exhibits good iron reduction capacity and very interesting DPPH free radical scavenging power, with an IC50 of around 4.38 ± 0.98 μg/mL higher than that of the benchmark antioxidant, BHT. The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the mixture administered orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg has a better activity, exceeding that of 1% Diclofenac, with a percentage of maximum inhibition of the edema of 89.99 ± 4.08. The number of cramps in the mice treated with the mixture at a dose of 150 mg/kg is significantly lower (29.80 ± 1.92) than those of the group treated with Tramadol (42.00 ± 2.70), respectively. The toxicity results show no signs of toxicity with an LD50 greater than 150 mg/Kg. These interesting results show that the two plants’ EOs had an important anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity, and also a powerful synergistic effect, which encourages further in-depth investigations on their pharmacological proprieties.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gestation and season on the haematological and biochemical parameters in domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) to improve the conditions of breeding and conservation in Saudi Arbia. For this study. 30 nonpregnant and 30 pregnant rabbits on day 24 to 26 of gestation were examined. The animals weighed between 2.6 and 3.6 kg and were 1.8-2.6 years old. Blood samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits in January (winter season), April (spring season), July (summer season) and October (autumn season) for analyzing hematological and biochemical parameters. It was revealed for the study that the value of hematological parameters i.e., erythrocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte numbers and haemoglobin concentrations of pregnant rabbits were significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared with non-pregnant rabbit. Whereas, mean corpuscular volume was significantly (p<0.05) increased in pregnant rabbits compared with non-pregnant ones. The value of biochemical parameters i.e., total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in pregnant rabbits compared with non-pregnant. Whereas, glucose level was significantly (p<0.05) increased in pregnant rabbits compared with non-pregnant rabbits. Most of hematological parameters significantly (p<0.05) decreased in July. In contrast only few Research Articlesignificant changes recorded in biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the rabbits suffer of heat stress during summer season and this causes deterioration in some, hematological constituents and biochemical parameters. These changes can be reflected on the activities, performance and fetus of pregnant rabbits under hot environmental conditions of Saudi Arabia. Hence, it can be concluded that winter is the best season for breeding and conservation of domestic rabbits.