Fucoidan Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA Damage, and Hepatorenal Injuries in Diabetic Rats Intoxicated with Aflatoxin B₁

Abstract

The current study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorative effect of fucoidan against aflatoxicosis-induced hepatorenal toxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-four Wister albino male rats were randomly assigned into eight groups (8 rats each) that received normal saline, fucoidan (FUC) at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks, streptozotocin (STZ) at 50 mg/kg/i.p. single dose, STZ plus FUC, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) at 50 μg/kg/i.p. after one month of the beginning of the experiment for 2 weeks, AFB 1 plus FUC, STZ plus AFB 1 , or STZ plus AFB 1 and FUC. Injection of rats with STZ induced hyperglycemia. Rats with STZ-induced diabetes, with or without AFB 1 intoxication, had significantly elevated activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and levels of serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, these rats exhibited increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, administration of FUC to diabetic rats, with or without AFB 1 intoxication, ameliorated the altered serum parameters, reduced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory biomarkers, and enhanced the antioxidant defense system in the hepatic and renal tissues. These results indicated that FUC ameliorated diabetes and AFB 1 -induced hepatorenal injuries through alleviating oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation.

Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan: A Review

“…Aleissa et al [ 9 ] registered elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Fucoidan isolated from Saccharina japonica diminished the toxic effects of diabetes and/or aflatoxin B1 on the liver and kidneys via reducing the blood glucose levels and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α [ 9 ].…”

“…Aleissa et al [ 9 ] registered elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Fucoidan isolated from Saccharina japonica diminished the toxic effects of diabetes and/or aflatoxin B1 on the liver and kidneys via reducing the blood glucose levels and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α [ 9 ]. Xu et al [ 56 ] performed a similar research, however, they reported decreased kidney levels of IL-6 and no change in the TNF-α levels after treatment with LMWF from the same brown alga.…”

“…Fucoidans, derived from algae have been studied intensively during the last years regarding their multiple biological activities and possible therapeutic potential. Recently, various pharmacological effects, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant, have been reported [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. Their beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases (pancreatitis, colitis, osteoarthritis, skin inflammation, etc.…”

“…), neurodegenerative diseases, immune dysfunction, and tumors have been an object of intensive research. Moreover, fucoidans have been successfully used in numerous health conditions as diabetes, hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), liver fibrosis, renal ischemia, disrupted blood coagulation status, stem cell therapies, gastric ulcers, gout, bacterial and viral infections, snake bites, and others ( Figure 1 ) [ 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

The Mechanism Underlying the Extreme Sensitivity of Duck to Aflatoxin B1

“…Fisetin can enhance various antioxidant enzymes, attenuate the oxidative stress-inflammatory pathway induced by AFB 1 , and reduce the risk of liver cancer [63]. Fucoidan relieves liver and kidney damage caused by AFB 1 by reducing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation [64].…”