Introduction and importance: Brain metastasis of prostatic cancer is highly a rare condition. Its intracranial metastatic process and presentation are poorly understood and limited to case reports, making it challenging to detect and diagnose. We aim to highlight the rare case, brain metastasis of prostate cancer, and review the literature regarding the progress and therapies of prostatic cancer in the current era. The case of a prostate adenocarcinoma patient who acquired brain metastasis was outlined. In addition, we review the literature to discuss the main aspects of brain metastasis in prostate cancer. Case presentation: Herein, the patient was a 62-year-old male with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma into the brain, which suffered from progressive language difficulties, mixed dysphasia, and right hemiparesis. Clinical discussion: Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left frontoparietal mass, confirmed with an elevated PSA level. The group was resected, and after that, the patient was discharged with noticeable language and neurological improvement. Upon follow-up, after six months, a new asymptomatic left temporal lesion was observed and successfully treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This case confirms that prostatic adenocarcinoma's possibility to spread into the brain. Conclusion: This report reviews the literature about prostate cancer brain metastasis, highlighting that although rare, it does occur and shouldn't be neglected, especially with the current progress in prostatic cancer therapies, which prolongs the patient's survival time, so those brain metastases out of prostatic cancer are expected to be a frequent clinical scenario. Therefore, follow-up of prostatic cancer male patients of 50 years old or more is necessary. Highlights Key message: The milestone of treating the cerebral metastasis of prostate cancer is early detection, early management, and follow-up.

embolization vs conventional surgical evacuation that use standardized research methodologies. A team of expert neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists in the field of middle meningeal artery embolization should make consensus recommendations for a standardized study methodology that includes clearly defined inclusion criteria, detailed patients' angiographic baseline anatomy with special focus on angiographic anatomic variants, standardized neurointerventional techniques, standardized embolization material, standardized imaging modalities at baseline and follow-up, and standardized reliable patientcentered tools for clinical evaluation of their neurological deficits such as MMSE.

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Introduction and importance Several neuro-ophthalmic manifestations have been reported with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, isolated optic neuritis was infrequently reported in humans with COVID-19. If it occurred, optic neuritis was usually a part of a demyelinating syndrome. Case presentation In this paper, we report a case of optic neuritis concomitant with an undiagnosed pituitary macroadenoma discovered during active COVID-19 infection. The case was a 33-year-old woman with infertility who was recently found to have a pituitary macroadenoma secreting prolactin. During active COVID-19 infection, the patient developed optic neuritis that responded well to corticosteroids. Brain imaging and hormonal profile negated the presence of any demyelinating disease or pituitary apoplexy. Clinical discussion A dilemma of whether optic neuritis occurring concomitantly with pituitary macroadenoma is just a coincidence, or there is an association remains unresolved. Whether COVID-19 infection might precipitate optic neuritis in patients with pituitary macroadenoma or not remains an issue to be answered by observing data from future case reports about similar findings. Conclusion Optic neuritis in concomitant with pituitary macroadenoma following COVID-19 infection represents a dilemma of whether the visual symptoms are attributed to the tumor or COVID-19 infection.

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