Heterocyclic compounds containing the five-membered oxadiazole nucleus possess a diversity of useful biological effects. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 3-aroylpropionic acid moieties are important because of their versatile biological actions. In particular, compounds bearing the 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus are known to have unique antioedema and anti-inflammatory activities (1-3). Differently substituted oxadiazole moieties have also been found to have other interesting activities such as analgesic (2, 3), antimicrobial (4), antitubercular (5), anticonvulsant (6) and anti-hepatitis B viral activities (7). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs form a class of therapeutic agents that are most A novel series of 2-[3-(4-bromophenyl)propan-3-one]-5--(substituted phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (4a-n) have been synthesized from 3-(4-bromobenzoyl)propionic acid (3) with the aim to get better anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with minimum or without side effects (ulcerogenicity). Compound 3 was reacted with several aryl acid hydrazides (2a-n) in phosphorous oxychloride to obtain the title compounds. Structures of the synthesized compounds were supported by means of IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Title compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and antibacterial activities. Antibacterial activity was expressed as the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A fair number of compounds were found to have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, while a few compounds showed appreciable antibacterial activity. The newly synthesized compounds showed very low ulcerogenic action. The findings of the present study indicate that cyclization of the carboxylic group of 3 into novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus resulted in increased anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with a significant decrease of ulcerogenic activity.

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Introduction An unidentified cluster of pneumonia was identified in Wuhan city of China in the last week of December 2019, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). The current study explored the predictors associated with critical illness and mortality based on symptoms at the time of admission and initial physical examination findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods A total of 249 records of laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 patients were analyzed. Demographic profile and findings of initial physical examination were collected and analyzed. Bivariate logistic and multivariable stepwise forward regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of critical illness and mortality. Results A total of 249 records of SARS-COV-2 patients were retrospectively studied, of whom 66 (26.5%) developed a critical illness, and 58 (23.29%) died. The mean age of patients was 45.15 (16.34) years; 171 (68.71%) were men. From 27 potential predictors for developing a critical illness, 15 were reported independent predictors for critical illness, and 13 were for increased risk of mortality. Stepwise forward regression reported dyspnea as a single strongest predictor (OR, 5.800, 95% CI-2.724−12.346; p = 0.001, R 2 = 0.272) to develop critical illness. Likewise, the respiratory rate was alone reported as a strong predictor (OR, 1.381, 95% CI- 1.251−1.525; p = 0.000, R 2 = 0.329) for mortality. Conclusions Coronavirus disease is a new challenge to the medical fraternity, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of potential risk factors could help clinicians assess patients' risk with unfavourable outcomes and improve hospitalization decisions in the early stage.

Background Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people are a marginalized set of the population that continues to experience health care inequalities. This study aimed to assess oral health parameters including Candida growth and intensity among TGNC adults. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited two subgroups: 40 transgender and 40 control adults. Consented participants were interviewed and clinically examined. Data using the WHO oral health assessment forms were obtained. Samples for Candida growth and intensity analysis were collected from the dorsum surface of the tongue. Results 27.5% of the transgender group was HIV seropositive. Oral nicotine stomatitis and leukoplakia are reported to be the most prevalent intra-oral lesions showing a prevalence of 27.5% and 20%, respectively. The dental and periodontal health parameters of the transgender group were worse than those of the control group. The intensity of Candida colonies was significantly higher in the test group (p = 0.014). Conclusion Poor oral health and significant oral mucosal disorders were reported in transgender adults that have shown a higher rate of behavioral risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. Further longitudinal studies in different world regions are warranted to understand the barriers to good oral health in transgender adults and how to implement effective prevention and management strategies.

A popular wafer like product, papad was prepared by substituting black gram flour with finger millet and soy flour. Papad also known as appalam or papadam, a popular snack item of India, is essentially a thin wafer like product, that is consumed in roasted (dry) or deep fat fried from that resembles thin wafer. It is made into a circular shape with thickness generally varied from 0.3 to 2 mm and is dried by different means to a moisture level of 14-15 per cent. The study was also conducted to determine the chemical composition, texture and flavour of the papads. Five different types of papads were prepared T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 they are T 0 (control papad), T 1 (10% finger millet, 10% soybean, 80% black gram papad), T 2 (15% finger millet, 15% soybean, 70% black gram papad), T 3 (20% finger millet, 20% soybean, 60% black gram papad) and T 4 (25% finger millet, 25% soybean, 50% black gram papad). Sensory evaluation indicated that the overall acceptability scores of Finger millet and soy papad T 2 were highest for fried papad. Nutritional value of T 2 was also noticed to be higher when compared with control sample. The proximate analysis showed that the sample T 2 had moisture content of 10.20 per cent, protein content of 27.12 per cent, fat content of 3.21 per cent, ash content of 1.81 per cent and total carbohydrates content of 57.66 per cent, respectively. The prepared papads were packed in plastic bags. The shelf-life study of prepared papad indicate that papad can be stored up to two months. The study showed that different level of finger millet and soy flour can be incorporated to prepare papads.

The durability and patient acceptability of prosthesis can be gauged by the capacity of visible light curing lab composite resins to maintain color stability through time and use. Consequently, this study’s goal was to assess the color stability of three layering materials, incisal, dentin, and gingiva of SR Nexco lab composite, with exposure to coffee, Coca-Cola, and turmeric solution using a spectrophotometer. A total of 60 specimens (10 × 2 mm) of SR Nexco paste were prepared and were divided into three groups based on the layering material used. Five specimens of each group were immersed in staining solutions, namely, coffee, cola, and turmeric solution. Each group’s last five specimens were submerged in distilled water (control). The incubator that housed the samples was set to 37 °C. The CIE L*a*b* method was used to quantify the color differences (E) of specimens using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after two weeks of immersion. Using ANOVA testing, the average color change for each specimen was examined. Tukey tests were used for post hoc comparisons. The calculated mean color difference (ΔE) for incisal ranges from 3.73 (distilled water) to 28.70 (turmeric). The mean color difference (ΔE) for dentin ranges from 2.66 (distilled water) to 41.19 (turmeric). The mean color difference (ΔE) for gingiva ranges from 1.72 (distilled water) to 23.88 (turmeric). The results are statistically significant. The maximum color difference is noted for dentin specimens, and turmeric stains all three layering materials to a maximum. The color stability of SR Nexco paste layering materials is significantly affected by the discoloring agents used. The comparison of color change between the three layering materials of SR Nexco paste (dentin, incisal, and gingiva) is statistically not significant. Turmeric solution exhibits more discoloration followed by cola and coffee solution.

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