Heterocyclic compounds containing the five-membered oxadiazole nucleus possess a diversity of useful biological effects. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 3-aroylpropionic acid moieties are important because of their versatile biological actions. In particular, compounds bearing the 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus are known to have unique antioedema and anti-inflammatory activities (1-3). Differently substituted oxadiazole moieties have also been found to have other interesting activities such as analgesic (2, 3), antimicrobial (4), antitubercular (5), anticonvulsant (6) and anti-hepatitis B viral activities (7). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs form a class of therapeutic agents that are most A novel series of 2-[3-(4-bromophenyl)propan-3-one]-5--(substituted phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (4a-n) have been synthesized from 3-(4-bromobenzoyl)propionic acid (3) with the aim to get better anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with minimum or without side effects (ulcerogenicity). Compound 3 was reacted with several aryl acid hydrazides (2a-n) in phosphorous oxychloride to obtain the title compounds. Structures of the synthesized compounds were supported by means of IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Title compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and antibacterial activities. Antibacterial activity was expressed as the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A fair number of compounds were found to have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, while a few compounds showed appreciable antibacterial activity. The newly synthesized compounds showed very low ulcerogenic action. The findings of the present study indicate that cyclization of the carboxylic group of 3 into novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus resulted in increased anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with a significant decrease of ulcerogenic activity.

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Introduction An unidentified cluster of pneumonia was identified in Wuhan city of China in the last week of December 2019, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). The current study explored the predictors associated with critical illness and mortality based on symptoms at the time of admission and initial physical examination findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods A total of 249 records of laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 patients were analyzed. Demographic profile and findings of initial physical examination were collected and analyzed. Bivariate logistic and multivariable stepwise forward regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of critical illness and mortality. Results A total of 249 records of SARS-COV-2 patients were retrospectively studied, of whom 66 (26.5%) developed a critical illness, and 58 (23.29%) died. The mean age of patients was 45.15 (16.34) years; 171 (68.71%) were men. From 27 potential predictors for developing a critical illness, 15 were reported independent predictors for critical illness, and 13 were for increased risk of mortality. Stepwise forward regression reported dyspnea as a single strongest predictor (OR, 5.800, 95% CI-2.724−12.346; p = 0.001, R 2 = 0.272) to develop critical illness. Likewise, the respiratory rate was alone reported as a strong predictor (OR, 1.381, 95% CI- 1.251−1.525; p = 0.000, R 2 = 0.329) for mortality. Conclusions Coronavirus disease is a new challenge to the medical fraternity, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of potential risk factors could help clinicians assess patients' risk with unfavourable outcomes and improve hospitalization decisions in the early stage.

Background Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people are a marginalized set of the population that continues to experience health care inequalities. This study aimed to assess oral health parameters including Candida growth and intensity among TGNC adults. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited two subgroups: 40 transgender and 40 control adults. Consented participants were interviewed and clinically examined. Data using the WHO oral health assessment forms were obtained. Samples for Candida growth and intensity analysis were collected from the dorsum surface of the tongue. Results 27.5% of the transgender group was HIV seropositive. Oral nicotine stomatitis and leukoplakia are reported to be the most prevalent intra-oral lesions showing a prevalence of 27.5% and 20%, respectively. The dental and periodontal health parameters of the transgender group were worse than those of the control group. The intensity of Candida colonies was significantly higher in the test group (p = 0.014). Conclusion Poor oral health and significant oral mucosal disorders were reported in transgender adults that have shown a higher rate of behavioral risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. Further longitudinal studies in different world regions are warranted to understand the barriers to good oral health in transgender adults and how to implement effective prevention and management strategies.