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Our results may suggest that these lesions have the same histogenesis. The mononuclear stromal cells, both histiocytic and myofibroblastic, are thought to be responsible for the behavior of these lesions whereas the multinucleated cells are considered as reactive. This might support the argument that PGCG, CGCG and GCT are different variants for the same disease. Further studies using molecular techniques are required to elucidate why some of these lesions behave aggressively than others.

Abstract:Background: Xerostomia is a common clinical problem, and diff erent medications have been tried in its management. In the present study, routine dietary products are used to assess their eff ect on salivary fl ow. Aim: To assess the effi cacy of yogurt and lemon juice on increase in salivation and its comparison with that of unstimulated saliva. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 volunteers (aged 19-48) were selected. The pH of yogurt was calculated, and equivalent pH lemon juice was prepared. First, normal resting saliva was collected as baseline followed by every 1 min for 5 min. Patients were given lemon juice or yogurt and then crossed over to the other group to assess the impact of the stimulants on salivary fl ow from 1 to 5 min. Results: The results were analyzed statistically. Comparisons between baseline saliva secretion and that by yogurt and lemon juice (using the ANOVA test) showed that there was a signifi cant increase after treatment at the end of the experiment for both yogurt and lemon juice. However, yogurt showed a signifi cant increase in saliva secretion compared to baseline than lemon juice. Conclusions: Our fi ndings suggest that yogurt is a potential candidate for the treatment of dry mouth.

Background This cross-sectional cohort study aimed to assess the associations between the serum uric acid levels and oral leukoplakia (OL), submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to correlate these with the clinical and histopathological features of these lesions. Methods Fifty-two patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) (25 OL and 27 OSMF cases) and 33 OSCC patients with complete clinical and histopathological characteristics were included. A healthy control group was also investigated. The serum uric acid concentration was assessed using the uricase method from a blood sample without hemolysis. Results The level means of serum uric acid in the OL, OSMF and OSCC patients were 3.86±1.31, 5.65±0.85 and 4.99±1.34 mg/dL, respectively, compared to 5.16±0.97 mg/dL in the healthy controls. Conclusions The serum uric acid levels were reduced in the OL and OSCC patients but they were increased in the OSMF patients when compared to the healthy controls. No significant differences were seen in the clinical and histopathological features of the OL and OSMF patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes may improve the understanding of the contributory role of uric acid in the risk stratification of OPMDs. Although measuring the serum uric acid level involves a simple and economical assay, the data from this cross-sectional cohort does not support the clinical utility of evaluating the uric acid levels in OPMD and OSCC patients.

Background: Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the most prevalent premalignant conditions in India which is easy to diagnose but difficult to manage. At present it is considered as irreversible and incurable. It has also been referred to as an epidemic in India. Aims and Objectives: To correlate the frequency and duration of habits with clinical staging, functional staging and histopathological grading and to correlate the clinical and functional staging with histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 90 subjects, 80 with OSMF in the experimental group and 10 patients in the control group. Patient personal history was recorded with chewing habits, including frequency and duration of chewing. The site of keeping the quid, time duration and whether he/she swallows it or spits it were also noted. Clinical staging was done on the presence of palpable fibrous bands. Functional staging was accomplished by measuring mouth opening. Incisional biopsy was done for all the patients for histopathological examination. Histopathological grading was according to Pindborg and Sirsat. Results: The experimental group comprised 71 males and 9 females, the majority of which were in the age group of 21-30 years. Correlation of habits with clinical staging, functional staging and histopathological grading were significant (p<0.05). Clinical and functional staging did not correlate with histopathological grading, but the correlation of clinical and functional staging was highly significant (p<0.01). Conclusions: The widespread habit of chewing gutkha is a major risk factor for OSMF, especially in the younger age group. In this study, it was found that with increase in the duration and frequency of the habit the severity of the disease increased.

Allium sativum oil is a biocompatible material that is compatible with vital human pulp tissue. It offers a good healing potential, leaving the remaining pulp tissue healthy and functioning.

Key Clinical MessageThis article reports the oral manifestations of an unusual presentation of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and provides an evidence to the importance of recognizing the oral features in confirming the diagnosis of MFS. Dentists have a vital role in confirming the diagnosis of developmental disorders that involve the craniofacial compendium.

Aim:The study aimed to survey the opinions and responses of health professionals in academics about their interest and experience in research, knowledge over study designs, and application of a common study design to find out the objectives behind any research study.Materials and Methods:A semi-structured questionnaire containing three variables with 15 questions were sent to 300 health professionals associated with academics in the category of Bachelor/Master/Doctorate working at Al-Farabi Colleges campuses located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected manually, descriptive frequencies were generated and the variables were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. The knowledge scores between the qualification and gender were carried out using ANOVA and t-test. The final response rate was in conjuction to the statistician to exclude the uncompleted responses from the statistical analysis.Results:The results showed a discrepancy in the participation; of 95 health professionals, (40) were females and (55) were males. Bachelor (16), Masters (61) and Doctorate holders (18) gave their opinion. For the first variable (research experience), all the surveyed categories showed the same response. However, for the second variable (study design and research criteria) bachelor holders showed poor, but equal performance was reported to the master and doctorate holders. In the third variable (objectives and common designs), bachelor holders showed a poor response in contrast to the master and doctorate holders whose have mixed opinions. For knowledge scores, no significance was present between the master and doctorate holders.Conclusion:There is a lack of understanding of the research objectives and common designs frequently used in research studies particularly among the bachelor holders. Additional postgraduate education on research methods is recommended to improve the knowledge and practices of research.