ABSTRACT Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding that exceeds 500 ml after the baby is born in vaginal delivery and exceeds 1000 ml after abdominal labor before 6 weeks of delivery. However, even a smaller amount of blood loss is very dangerous especially in anemic pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of anemia in maternal with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design using secondary data from medical records for the period of January 1 to December 31 in 2018 taken from two hospitals representing type A hospitals and Type B Hospitals in Palembang, namely RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin and Siti Khodijah Islamic Hospital Palembang with a total sample of 176. Data analysis used univariate analysis of the variables descriptively to determine the appearance of anemia in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. The results showed that of 111 mothers who experienced anemia there were 53 (47.7%) who experienced postpartum hemorrhage while of 65 mothers who were not anemic 14 (21.5%) had postpartum hemorrhage. The conclusion of this study is the picture of anemia in pregnant women tends to experience postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, the government's action in an effort to prevent anemia in pregnant women by providing iron tablet supplements still needs to be done by looking at the socioeconomic conditions and education levels of the Indonesian people which are still mostly included in the poor category especially in rural areas. Keyword : Anemia; Post Partum Hemorrhage ABSTRAK Perdarahan postpartum merupakan perdarahan yang melebihi 500 ml setelah bayi lahir pada persalinan pervaginam dan melebihi 1000 ml setelah persalinan abdominal sebelum 6 minggu persalinan. Akan tetapi kehilangan darah dengan jumlah yang lebih kecilpun sangat berbahaya khususnya pada keadaan wanita hamil yang anemis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran anemia pada ibu bersalin dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder rekam medik periode 1 Januari s/d 31 Desember tahun 2018 yang diambil dari dua rumah sakit yang mewakili rumah sakit tipe A dan Rumah Sakit Tipe B yang ada di Kota Palembang yaitu RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin dan Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Khodijah Palembang dengan total jumlah sampel sebanyak 176. Analisis data menggunakan univariat yaitu menganalisis variabel secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui gambaran anemia pada kejadian perdarahan postpartum. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 111 ibu yang mengalami anemia ada sebanyak 53 (47,7%) yang mengalami perdarahan postpartum sedangkan dari 65 ibu yang tidak anemia ada 14 (21,5%) mengalami perdarahan postpartum. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gambaran anemia pada ibu hamil cendrung mengalami perdarahan postpartum. Oleh sebab itu tindakan pemerintah dalam upaya mecegah anemia pada ibu hamil dengan pemberian suplemen tablet besi tetap perlu dilakukan secara melihat kondisi sosial ekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan masyarakat Indonesia yang masih sebagian besar masih termasuk dalam kategori miskin terutama didaerah pedesaan. Kata Kunci : Anemia dan Perdarahan Postpartum
Elastomer is often used to make an impression. In prosthodontics, impression material that have been exposed to infected saliva pose a main source of cross contamination in dental office and laboratories, therefore desinfection of impression is recommended by American Dental Association (ADA) to prevent possible transmission of infectious diseases. Piper betle L. 25% and sodium hypochlorite 0,5% can both be used as desinfection agent by spraying the impression materials. But some desinfection process can effect the dimensional accuracy of the impressions materials especially the hidrophilic materials. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of spray desinfection with piper betle L. 25% and sodium hypochlorite0,5% on dimensional accuracy of cast made by elastomeric impression materials. Type of this research was a laboratory experiment. The samples of this research were the cast made by elastomeric impression materials, two abutment preparations in shape with diameter (buco lingual)6.33 mm, height (occluso gingival) 8.02 mmand distance between the centers of the abutments 28.25 mm and total samples were 30 for 3 groups. The cast dimension was measured using digital caliper and dimensional accuracy test was analyzed with T-Independent test. The result showed that there was a statisticallyinfluence of spray desinfection with piper betle L. 25% and sodium hypochlorite0,5% on dimensional accuracy of cast made by elastomeric impression materials(p<0.05) and the percentage of the dimensional change is in normal range recommended by ADA 19 (<0,5%). Therefore, spray desinfection with piper betle L. 25% can be used in elastomeric impression materials.
Latar belakang: Zinc merupakan salah satu mikronutrien penting yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Rendahnya zinc dalam tubuh akan menghambat efek metabolit hormon pertumbuhan atau GH, sehingga sintesis dan sekresi Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) berkurang dan berdampak terhadap reterdasi pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar zinc serum dan kadar IGF-1 serum pada anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Tuah Negeri Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan sampel anak Sekolah Dasar usia 7-13 tahun. Sampel berjumlah 79 orang yang diambil secara random. Dilakukan pengukuran status gizi berdasarkan TB/U dan pengambilan darah untuk pengukuran kadar Zn dan IGF-1 serum. Adapun data karakteristik sampel diperoleh melalui kuesioner, sedangkan pengukuran kadar Zn dan IGF-1 serum dilakukan dengan metode ELISA. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: berdasarkan pengukuran status gizi didapatkan 19 (24%) anak mengalami stunting dan 60 (76%) anak memiliki status gizi normal. Pada anak stunting 89.5% mempunyai kadar Zn yang rendah dan 78.9% mempunyai kadar IGF-1 yang rendah. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan p=0.017 dan PR=5.667 untuk hubungan antara status gizi dan kadar Zn serum; p=0.000 dan PR=8.983 untuk hubungan antara kadar Zn serum dengan kadar IGF-1 serum. terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan kadar Zn serum dan kadar Zn serum dengan IGF-1 serum. Kesimpulan: Anak yang mengalami stunting beresiko 5.667 kali mempunyai kadar Zn yang rendah dan anak dengan kadar Zn serum yang rendah beresiko 8.983 kali mempunyai kadar IGF-1 serum yang rendah juga. Zn dan IGF-1 diperlukan dalam proses pertumbuhan anak. Perlunya edukasi kesehatan tentang pentingnya asupan zinc pada orang tua, agar kebutuhan Zn pada anak dapat terpenuhi.
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is the leading cause of iron deficiency anemia and is a health problem for children in developing countries. School-age children are susceptible to iron deficiency because children’s growth and development require iron. Although iron is needed for children’s growth and development, iron also plays a role in cognitive function. Many factors cause iron deficiency in children. AIM: This study aims to determine the most dominant factor causing iron deficiency in elementary school children. METHODS: The design of this study was case-control, with a sample of elementary school children aged 9–12 years in the Tuah Negeri Subdistrict. After examining the serum iron, children were grouped into two groups, namely, iron deficiency and normal. Each group consists of 85 children, and the total sample is 170 children. Measurement of serum iron levels was done by spectrophotometric method, while data on children’s characteristics were obtained through questionnaires. In addition, nutritional status measurements were also carried out to determine whether the child was stunted, measurements based on TB/U, and Z-score was calculated using Anthro 1.02 software. Finally, the data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. RESULTS: Based on the child characteristics data, 60% of children aged >10–12 years, 54.1% were female, and 23.5% of children were stunted. Data on the characteristics of parents obtained 67.6% of mothers and 74.1% of fathers with low education; 84.1% of mothers and 55.3% of fathers work as farmers, and 54.7% have low economic status. Bivariate results showed that two characteristic variables, namely, economic status (p = 0.003) and nutritional status (p < 0.001), were significantly related to the incidence of iron deficiency in children. The results of multivariate analysis showed that children with low economic status were at risk of 2.361 times (p = 0.011) of having an iron deficiency while stunting children were at risk of 6.785 times (p < 0.001) of having iron deficiency. CONCLUSION: Stunting is the dominant factor associated with iron deficiency in elementary school children in Tuah Negeri Sub-district.
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