Present study revealed that fracture of facial bones, especially bones that are in anatomic proximity to the cranium and need a high magnitude of trauma energy to be fractured, was marker for an increased risk of head injuries.

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Although in many countries the rate of facial injuries due to traffic accidents is decreasing, MVA is still the major cause of facial trauma in Iran. This may be due to the lack of enforcement of traffic laws by police and insufficient compliance of the population in obeying traffic rules. Rigid internal fixation was the most common mode of treatment of facial fractures, and in spite of the severity of facial injuries, the rate of postoperative complications was relatively low.

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The birth prevalence of CL/P in Hamedan City was closer to the prevalence of CL/P in the United States and Europe than Africa and the Far East. We found that the presence of cleft in parents, siblings, and other relatives; maternal drug intake; trauma; radiation; and smoking were risk factors for cleft development in newborns.

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Assessment of third molar development was found to be a reliable method for age estimation of individuals between 11 and 22 years. Because of possible ethnic and geographic differences in third molar development, population specific researches were recommended.

No abstract