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These findings suggest that special genetic variants of RAS may influence or be an indicator for better response to sertraline.

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Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis is one of the main clinical findings in depression. The HPA axis is interrelated with glucocorticoid signaling via glucocorticoid receptors (GCRs). Thus, functional genetic variants on GCRs might influence therapeutic outcomes in depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between three functional polymorphisms (rs41423247, rs6195, and rs6189/rs6190) on GCR and response to fluoxetine in a group of depressed patients. One hundred newly diagnosed patients completed 6 weeks of fluoxetine treatment. Response to treatment was defined as a 50% decrease in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score. Variants of rs41423247, rs6195, and rs6189/rs6190 polymorphisms were determined in extracted DNAs using PCR-RFLP method. Regarding rs41423247 polymorphism, carriers of the CG and GG genotype responded significantly better to fluoxetine compared with CC carriers (p=0.008, OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.35-8.07). Moreover, the G allele of rs41423247 polymorphism was strongly associated with response to fluoxetine (p=0.032, OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.09-4.44). There was no significant association between different genotypes and alleles of rs6195, rs6189/rs6190 variants, and response to fluoxetine (p=0.213 and 0.99, respectively). In conclusion, rs41423247 polymorphism might be a predictor for better response to fluoxetine. These findings support the idea that some variants of the GCR might contribute to interindividual variability of response to antidepressants.

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Background: Cardiac disease is accounted as the leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and induction of oxidative stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana that has been reported to be safe and well tolerated in patients. Due to its pleiotropic effect, CBD has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects. This study intended to clarify the mechanisms and the potential role of CBD regarding cardiac injuries treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in the electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase up to June 2019 using predefined search terms in the titles and abstracts. Accordingly, a set of pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered and 8 articles were ultimately included in this study. Results: Our findings demonstrate that CBD has multi-functional protective assets to improve cardiac injuries; preliminary through scavenging of free radicals, and reduction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Conclusion: CBD can protect against cardiac injuries, mainly through its antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects on the basis of non-clinical studies. The cardioprotective effects of the CBD need to be further studied in welldesigned clinical trials.

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