This article reviews the use of case study research for both practical and theoretical issues especially in management field with the emphasis on management of technology and innovation. Many researchers commented on the methodological issues of the case study research from their point of view thus, presenting a comprehensive framework was missing. We try representing a general framework with methodological and analytical perspective to design, develop, and conduct case study research. To test the coverage of our framework, we have analyzed articles in three major journals related to the management of technology and innovation to approve our framework. This study represents a general structure to guide, design, and fulfill a case study research with levels and steps necessary for researchers to use in their research.

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Purpose This paper aims to design an expert system that gets data from researchers and determines their maturity level. This system can be used for determining researchers’ support programs as well as a tool for researchers in research-based organizations. Design/methodology/approach This study focuses on designing the inference engine as a component of an expert system. To do so, rough set theory is used to design rule models. Various complete, discretizing and reduction algorithms are used in this paper, and different models were run. Findings The proposed inference engine has the validity of 99.8 per cent, and the most important attributes to determine the maturity level of researchers in this model are “commitment to research” and “attention to research plan timeline”. Research limitations/implications To accurately determine researchers’ maturity model, solely referring to documents and self-reports may reduce the validation. More validation could be reached through using assessment centers for determining capabilities of samples and observations in each maturity level. Originality/value The assessment system for the professional maturity of researchers is an appropriate tool for funders to support researchers. This system helps the funders to rank, validate and direct researchers. Furthermore, it is a valid criterion for researchers to evaluate and improve their abilities. There is not any expert system to assess the researches in literature, and all models, frameworks and software are conceptual or self-assessment.

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