Highlights As Add-on therapy, IFN β-1b shortened the time to clinical improvement. IFN β-1b significantly increased the discharge rate at day 14. IFN β-1b reduced overall 28-day mortality. IFN β-1b related adverse effects were mild and did not cause treatment interruptions.

These results may suggest the favorable effects of the multispecies probiotic supplementation for 6 months on bone health in postmenopausal women due to slowing down the rate of bone turnover.

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