Human bocavirus (hBoV) was first discovered in respiratory samples from children in 2005, and has been classified in the Parvoviridae family. hBoV has also been detected in children with acute gastroenteritis. This study was performed to analyze the frequency and phylogeny of hBoV in the respiratory and stool samples of children with acute respiratory tract illnesses and gastroenteritis during the time period beginning 2006 and ending 2008, at the Virology Research Centre, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, NRITLD, Tehran, Iran. Respiratory and stool samples were screened for hBoV by nested polymerase chain reaction with primers from the NS-1 gene. Nine out of 133 respiratory samples (6.8%) and 6 out of 47 stool samples (12.8%) were positive for hBoV. Ten positive samples (7 respiratory and 3 stool samples) were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by sequencing a fragment of the VP1/VP2 gene junction. The results showed a high similarity among isolates (>or=99%). It was found that hBoV isolates can be divided into 3 genetic groups.
ObjectiveTo identify the pattern of the clinical, radiological, diagnostic procedures and loss to follow-up of the diagnosed cases of active tuberculosis (TB) adolescents.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 143 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with tuberculosis who were admitted TB wards of National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) in Tehran, Iran, between March 2006 and March 2011.ResultsOf the 143 patients identified, 62.9% were females. Median age of the patients was 16 years. The contact source was identified in 47.5%. The most common presenting symptom was cough (86%). Isolated pulmonary TB (PTB) was detected in 113 patients (79%), 21 patients (14.7%) had extrapulmonary TB(EPTB), and 9 patients (6.3%) had PTB and EPTB. The most common site of EPTB was pleural (14%). The most common radiographic finding was infiltration (61%). Positive acid fast smears were seen in 67.6%. Positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) were seen in 44.7%. Positive Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were seen in 60%. The adolescents aged 15 to 18 years were more likely to lose weight (p=0.001), smear positive (p=0.001), culture positive (p<0.001) and have positive PCR results (p=0.009). The type of TB (p=0.017) was a significant factor influencing loss to follow-up.ConclusionsThe study has revealed that the clinical and radiological findings of TB in adolescents are combination as identified in children and adults. The TB control programs should pay more attention to prevention and treatment of TB in adolescents.
Most children with BCG complications had a local disease in our study. A higher rate of disseminated disease was also observed. In addition, PID was identified in most children with disseminated disease. Development of more appropriate BCG vaccines and changing the current vaccination programme in cases with suspected PID are required in our country.
Background: Developmental dislocation of the hip joint is among joint abnormalities and lack of its early diagnosis leads to irreversible complications and disabilities. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted on 210 eighteen -month -old premature infants. Premature infants at term gestational age were examined by a neonatologist and underwent a sonographic scanning by a skilled radiologist. The results of the physical examination and ultrasound reports were collected and analyzed. Results: In the clinical assessment, hip joint examination was diagnosed abnormal in 22 cases (10.4%) and joint dislocation was diagnosed by ultrasonographic examination in 17 patients (8.1%). In one high -risk case, despite normal clinical examination (0.48%), the dislocation was diagnosed by ultrasonographic evaluation. There was a significant relationship between hip dislocation rate, and reduced mean gestational age and birth weight (P < 0.05). The dislocation prevalence in the twins was significantly more than that of other infants (P = 0.001). In the current study, there was no statistically significant relationship between gender, family history, oligohydramnios, presentation, and type of delivery with joint dislocation (P > 0.05). In diagnosis of joint dislocation, clinical examination (the results of the Ortolani and the Barlow tests) had sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 97% compared with sonography; the positive and negative predictive values were 73% and 99%, respectively. Conclusions: Clinical examination has high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of developmental hip dislocation. If there are risk factors, ultrasonographic scanning is recommended despite normal physical examination, and ultrasound is not necessary in case of normal physical examination and the absence of risk factors.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Few data on tuberculosis in children and adolescents are available in Iran. Objectives: The current study aimed to describe the case characteristics and clinical-epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents with TB. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken on 203 patients aged less than 19 years admitted to a referral TB hospital from 2006 to 2011. Results: Out of the 203 children and adolescents diagnosed with TB, 57.6% of cases were female. Median age was 15 years and 51% were 10 -18 years old; 83% had pure pulmonary TB. The common type of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) was pleuritis (64%) and 80% of the EPTB cases were observed in adolescents aged 15 -18 years. Female adolescents aged 15-18 years were more likely to have positive smear (88%), cultural growth (63.6%) and drug resistant TB infection (71%). Conclusions: In this referral hospital setting, more pediatric patients with TB were found among adolescent cases especially females. Early detection of adolescents at risk to developing infection is the essential constituent of TB control.
We found an association between cavity, tree-in-bud, and upper lobe nodular infiltration, and smear positivity in children with TB. Furthermore, we also found an association between lymphadenopathy and collapse in the negative smear group. Moreover, the positive smear group had radiologic manifestation of postprimary TB, whereas the negative smear group had primary TB manifestation.
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