Clinical and Radiographic Findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Infants

Bolursaz, Mohammad Reza; Khalilzadeh, Soheila; Baghaie, Noshin; Mehrian, Payam; Ghafaripoor, Hosseinali; Agha‐Hosseini, Farzaneh; Lotfian, Ferial; Velayati, A A

doi:10.17795/compreped-14337

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another study on contact survey from Brazil by Caldeira et al reported the identification of disease in 13.6% of cases and LTBI was found in 41% of child with contacts [12]. In some studies, reverse contact tracing of children with active disease had revealed the presence of 42.5-100% contact history [13,14]. This underscores the importance of contact survey in early diagnosis of pediatric TB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinicopathological profile of children evaluated for suspected tuberculosis in a rural medical college hospital

Kalyanaraman¹,

Sumathi²

2019

Indian J Child Health

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It is estimated that nearly 10 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) worldwide in the year 2017, of which nearly 1 million were children [1]. In general, the emphasis is largely focused on the adult disease, whereas the TB in children is relatively neglected mainly due to greater challenges in diagnosis and the comparatively less priority attributed to children by the various TB control programs. As a result of these factors, research and data associated with cases of childhood TB are limited. Childhood TB presents itself as a major challenge due to the method it has been explored till date. Childhood TB is considered as a marker of recent transmission in the community and a pool for future adult cases also [2]. The plan of action to reduce the incidence rate of morbidity and mortality occurring due to childhood TB is to design effective methods of diagnosis at the early stages of the infection, tracing of contacts in addition to designing of an effective treatment regimen.The non-specific nature of the sign and symptoms, the paucibacillary nature of the disease, and the low specificity of available diagnostic tests contribute vastly to make the cases of childhood TB a daunting task for the clinicians [3]. Differences in the pathophysiology and clinical representation of TB in children make the process of diagnosis more challenging in comparison to adults in addition to non-definitive modes of latent infection and disease are less understood. Following infection, several factors appear to influence the balance of risk between latent TB and progression to active disease. The several factors included are age, nutritional status, vaccination, and immune status [2,3]. Children are at much higher risk of progression into active diseases in comparison to adults. The risk is higher in the cases of infants and children below 2 years to age.The objective of the present study was to analyze the various symptoms and signs of clinically suspected TB among children as per updated guidelines for pediatric TB 2012 [4] and correlate with the laboratory findings to identify the most useful diagnostic parameters to confirm the clinical diagnosis of TB. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a retrospective study carried out in a rural tertiary health care hospital for a period of 1 year from January 2017 to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinicopathological profile of children evaluated for suspected tuberculosis in a rural medical college hospital

Kalyanaraman¹,

Sumathi²

2019

Indian J Child Health

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“…4) Chest x-ray is useful in order to evaluate the severity of the disease, but this test does not confirm disease etiology. On the other hand CT scan could be very useful in order to confirm PTB in children, even in early pulmonary disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, chest x-ray in younger children may be even more difficult to evaluate. In a study of 9 cases of children under 12 months, three patients (33%) showed a normal chest x-ray; consolidation was shown in three (33%); nodular lesions were found in three (33%), and among them, consolidation and ground glass were seen only in one (11%) [4]. Irregular hiliar and mediastinal images with central necrosis, at the beginning of the disease, and regular at the resolution of the disease are also commonly associated with TB.…”

Section: Radiological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Different studies report contact history that varied from 42.5% [3] to 100% [4]. Several studies stated that concomitant diseases and risk factors such as malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency or HIV infection, should be considered as they have important diagnostic and pronostic implications [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with less than 1 year used only to present nonproductive cough, productive cough in general is rarely seen in pre-adolescent children [4,5]. TB should be suspected if cough lasted more than 2 weeks.…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Radiological and Inmunological Features in Children with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Review

J¹

2014

J Mycobac Dis

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In the whole world, tuberculosis (TB) continues being an important health problem. It produces a great number of deaths in children, mainly in the wake of the HIV epidemic. In addition, the globalization with the increased of the international travels and the immigration makes that TB control be more difficult. This is a clinical, radiological and immunological review in children TB where we search to contribute the data in the literature. ContextTuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important global health problems. The latest estimates included in the Global tuberculosis report are that there were 8.6 million new TB cases in 2012 and 1.3 million TB deaths worldwide. Of those, 530.000 cases and 74.000 deaths were children [1]. Clinical and radiological findings, such as hemoptisis, cough, caverns or upper-lobe condensations, might be reliable and well established in adults. By contrast, these findings might be more difficult to evaluate in children due to more nonspecific symptoms and heterogeneus radiological findings [2]. ObjectiveThe present work overviews the most important clinical and radiological findings in children diagnosed with tuberculosis infection and disease. We included articles that reported cases with children from 2 months to 13 years. Children were from different backgrounds, and from developed and underdeveloped countries. Data SourcesThe selection of studies for analysis was as follows: all articles published from October 2008 to December 2013, which described clinical and radiological findings of children with TB were selected. These articles were obtained by searching throughout several international databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Highwire Press, Scientific Information Databases, Google Scholar and EBSCO-host.To locate the articles to include in our review, the strategy consisted of an exhaustive search including the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: "tuberculosis" or "pulmonary tuberculosis" in combination with "children" or "infant" or "infancy", in combination with "clinical symptoms", "radiological findings", "Mantoux", "tuberculosis diagnosis", "management of tuberculosis" and "tuberculosis treatment". Study SelectionInclusion criteria for systematic review were: 1) Retrospective or prospective cohort studies; 2) Reporting clinical, radiological or Mantoux results in TB patients 3) Studies including data at the national level; and 4) Studies on TB patients meeting either the WHO recommended definitions for "definite cases" or "other than definite cases" or TB patients meeting the possible, probable or confirmed case definition as published by the European Commission in 2008.Opinion articles, editorials, comments, case studies and/or drug efficacy tested in vitro or through clinical trials were excluded from the systematic review. Furthermore, those articles not published in English or Spanish language were excluded from the review. Literature searching was performed until 1 st December 2013. Using the search terms previously described above, fifty-three st...

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