Artisanal and small gold mining activity in Wonogiri Regency has long been done with problems on environmental quality. This study was aimed to analyze the levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in the mining area. Survey of mining and amalgamation sites, sampling the soil and tailings had been conducted. There were 66 samples of soil and tailing were collected, analysis of heavy Fe, Mn, Pb, Hg, As and Co, using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Normal distribution test of data was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was described using Krigging method. Contents of most heavy metals in the area studied were high, except for Co. According to the distribution pattern of heavy metals indicated that the contamination caused by the mining.
Red and yellow soils from tropical regions are generally more mature than
their subtropical counterparts. Most of these soils contain kaolin as the
dominant clay mineral. Exchangeable aluminium (Al) generally balances
permanent negative charges and occupies strongly acidic exchange sites of the
soil clay. The objective of this study was to identify those clay minerals
that are most highly implicated in contributing exchangeable Al to red and
yellow soils collected from the Islands of Okinawa and Java.
All soils exhibited an acid reaction but varied in their exchangeable Al
content and clay mineralogy. Clay content was high in all Javan soils but
varied in those from Okinawa. Javan soils were dominated by kaolinite, and
Okinawan soils by an association of illite and halloysite. However, 2 : 1-2 :
1 : 1 intergrades were significant components in both the Oku red soils
(Okinawa Island) and the Pamagersari red soils (Java Island). Javan soils were
characterised by a more mature (advanced) state of weathering than those from
Okinawa. The source of exchangeable Al was halloysite in Okinawan soils and 2
: 1-2 : 1 : 1 intergrades in Javan soils.
:Mining using an open pit system may lead to a deterioration in the quality of the environment in term of the extent of the cleared land, heavy metals contamination on the overburden rock, the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) with a pH <5, high level of total suspended solid (TSS), and the content of the metal on it. Several research results on post-mining land indicated a change in the environmental quality of the mine. Handling of the AMD problem can be conducted by several methods, including the active method by spreading calcium oxide (CaO) in AMD with the aim of increasing pH to neutral. The purpose of this study was to study the alternative techniques to manage the AMD using biostimulant. The present study was conducted firstly in the vinil house by using 10 L of AMD water sample with 2 kinds of treatment, i.e. CaO with levels of 0.2 and 0.25. Biostimulant with four kinds of treatment (I, II, III and IV) which resulted from the combination of different types of biostimulants (A, B and C) with different in composition. Secondly, research on the 1000 L of AMD for scaling up applications in the field. CaO and biostimulant doses were obtained from the first stage of the study. Analysis pH, TSS, Fe, and Mn of the AMD were done on the control, CaO, and biostimulant treatments. CaO treatment resulted in an increase in pH to 6.9, TSS decreased significantly decline so to 60 mg/L. Fe content in AMD decreased to 0.22 mg/L, and Mn levels decreased to 0.12 mg/L on day 10. Biostimulant treatment resulted in increase of pH to pH 6.7. The TSS value decreased to 40 mg/L. Fe and Mn levels decreased to 0.03 mg/L and Mn 2.98 mg/L, respectively.
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