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Disassembly sequence planning (DSP) is a nondeterministic polynomial time (NP) complete problem, making the utilization of metaheuristic approaches a viable alternative. DSP aims at creating efficient algorithms for deriving the optimum or near-optimum disassembly sequence for a given product or a product family. The problem-specific nature of such algorithms, however, requires these solutions to be validated, proving their versatility in accommodating substantial variations in the problem environment. To achieve this goal, this paper utilizes Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays to test the robustness of a previously-proposed Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. A comparison with an exhaustive search is also conducted to verify the efficiency of the algorithm in generating an optimum or near-optimum disassembly sequence for a given product. In order to further improve the solution, a distributed task allocation technique is also introduced into the model environment to accommodate multiple robot arms.

Macro rainwater harvesting techniques (Macro RWH) are getting more popular to overcome the problem of water scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas. Iraq is experiencing serious water shortage problem now despite of the presence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. RWH can help to overcome this problem. In this research, RWH was applied in Koya City in its districts, North West Iraq. Twenty-two basins were identified as the catchment area for the application of RWH technique. Watershed modeling system (WMS), based on Soil Conservation Service-curve number (SCS-CN) method, was applied to calculate direct runoff from individual daily rain storm using average annual rainfall records of the area. Two consecutive adjustments for the curve number were considered. The first was for the antecedent moisture condition (AMC) and the second was for the slope. These adjustments increased the total resultant harvested runoff up to 79.402 × 10 6 m 3 . The average percentage of increase of harvested runoff volume reached 9.28%. This implies that water allocation is of the order of 2000 cubic meter per capita per year. This quantity of water will definitely help to develop the area.

This research provides an automatic treatment for the phenomenon of semantic Polysemy based on the ontology (meaning, accompaniment, and translation) of words and its effect on the applications of automatic processing of the Arabic language. Polysemy may have negative effect on these applications. This research works on fi nding the solutions that helps improving the level of the automatic treatment of the Arabic language at all levels through applying a descriptive analysis for a sample of 50 words with their different derivatives. This descriptive analysis suggests to the user the most probable meaning of a suitable context through analyzing the context and relying on verbal structure and collocations and then determine the morphological analysis and appropriate translation of the English language as well as the availability of some statistical data such as the probability that this meaning is the appropriate sense of other meanings, the number of possible meanings and other statistical data. This study clarifi es that the main reason of the semantic polysemy phenomenon in the used texts is the absence of diacritics. It was found that applying the proposed methodology in this paper on the ontological corpus helps to identify the exact sentences intended meaning by more than 80% accuracy. As a result, this automatic processing will give the benefi t to the searching sites like Google, and also in facilitating the teaching of signifi cance; especially in the fi eld of metaphor ‫"ﺓﺭﺍﻉﺕﺱﺍﻝﺍ"‬ in the Arabic language for non-native Arabic speakers. Moreover, it will help in analyzing the Arabic texts and translating and many other applications of Arabic language computing.