Macro Rain Water Harvesting Network to Estimate Annual Runoff at Koysinjaq (Koya) District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Zakaria, Saleh; Al‐Ansari, Nadhir; Mustafa, Yaseen T.; Alshibli, Mohammad; Knutsson, Sven

doi:10.4236/eng.2013.512117

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…(Challenge 1):For environmentalists working in such anthropogenic ally modified systems (e.g., agricultural landscapes, urban areas or forest production) challenges stand up in (i) the determination of human influence on service-providing units and related ecosystem services and (ii) considering the impact of landscapes nearby land units that provide ecosystem services. Urban preparation that considers the fixing of green infrastructure in towns such as road trees and gardens may benefit biodiversity and many ecosystem services (e.g.,air filtration, water regulation, and noise decrease [45,46]. Ecologists can directly donate to ecosystem service studies and help policy decisions, not only by estimating human impact, but also by suggesting anthropogenic interventions to benefit ecosystem services and service-providing units.…”

Section: Challenges A) Understanding Anthropogenic Ally Modified Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Ecosystem Service: Challenges and Solutions

Ibrahim,

Karimi,

Mustafa

et al. 2022

JASTT

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The concept of ecosystem service (ES) was originally developed to illustrate the benefits that natural ecosystems generate for society and to raise awareness for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. In recent years, geographical information systems (GIS) have become a powerful tool for mapping (ES) within a landscape, which visualizes spatial and temporal patterns and changes in ecosystems and their services. Mapping (ES) is necessary for the progress of strategies that will guarantee their future supply and to support the policies in a more effective way. The comprehensive literature review was conducted using international databases such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar. We used key terms including 'mapping','maps’, ‘ES or ecosystem service, ‘ecosystem functions’, ‘landscape functions’, ‘evaluation of ES’, and ‘assessment of services’. To identify mapping ecosystem services and their challenges and opportunities. In total, 65 research papers were found first, of which 34 were selected for review. The most important challenges are insufficient generation of ES in the context of managed systems, the need to estimate associations among indicators of (ES) incomplete understanding of the nature of associations among services, and the lack of a general numerical outline to address these relations.

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Section: Challenges A) Understanding Anthropogenic Ally Modified Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Ecosystem Service: Challenges and Solutions

Ibrahim,

Karimi,

Mustafa

et al. 2022

JASTT

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“…The rainwater harvesting has the ability to ensure availability of water for the region [30] as well. The effective management of RWH becomes more interesting phase of water resource management strategies in most countries that are suffering from the problem of water scarcity [31].…”

Section: Validity Of Rain Water Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zakaria et al [31] identified twenty two basins around Koya, Erbil Governorateat north east of Iraq, as the catchment area for the application of RWH technique in order to evaluate the total runoff from whole Koya area that may be harvested instead of being lost to the near area. Two consecutive adjustments for the curve number were considered.…”

Section: Application Of Rwh In Iraqmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of annual harvested runoff at Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq

Zakaria¹,

Mustafa²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2013

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Kurdistan Region (KR) of Iraq has suffered from the drought period during the seasons 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 that affected the human and economic activities of the region. Macro rainwater harvesting (Macro RWH) is one of the techniques that can ensure water availability for a region having limited water resources. This technique is based on Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method and the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) was used to estimate the runoff. Rainfall records of Sulaymaniyah area for the period 2002-2012 were studied and an average season was selected (2010-2011). The results of the application of the WMS model showed that about 10.76 million cubic meters could be harvested. The results also showed that the quantity of the harvested runoff was highly affected by rainfall depth, curve number values, antecedent moisture conditions (AMC) and the area of the basins.

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“…Along with multispectral data, GIS tools enhanced this study by mapping soil properties. GIS manipulated the soil properties as attributes and helped visualize the study site's soil classification [33][34][35][36]. The current study's main objectives are: 1) To examine the potential of geoinformatics techniques to depict, map, and assess the iron-rich soils in the study region using the Landsat -7 ETM+ image, 2) To process the ETM+ image and retrieve band details and other spectral indices for soil analysis, 3) To generate a statistical regression model between the spectral indices retrieved from satellite image and soil lab data and test the predicted models' significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Multispectral Satellite Data for Superficial Iron Oxide Detection in Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Al-Quraishi,

Mustafa,

Gopinathan

et al. 2022

JASTT

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This study primarily investigates the total (Fe) iron presence in Sulaimaniyah Governorate, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), which has an abundance of iron mines. Spatial quantification and frequent monitoring of mineral existence in the soil are essential in the mining regions. To achieve this goal, a remote sensing technique was utilized to predict soil minerals, particularly iron, in the study area using a multispectral satellite image, Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). A robust methodology was perceived and developed from image processing to estimate and map iron oxide-rich soils, and the soil’s spectral indices were obtained after algorithms were applied in processing the bands of the Landsat image. Soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to determine the chemical, physical, and mineralogical characteristics of soils. Correlation coefficients were carried out between soil properties and spectral band values retrieved from image analysis to examine the band potentials of Landsat. The statistical results showed that there was a significant relationship between the 3rd band of the ETM+ image and each of the total iron (R2 = 0.643), the free iron oxide (R2 = 0.659), and sand particles (R2 = 0.561). The predicted soil mineral maps were generated for the study area to visualize the study site's soil characterization and total iron spread. This study's results could help primarily identify the spatial distribution of some soil properties in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

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Macro Rain Water Harvesting Network to Estimate Annual Runoff at Koysinjaq (Koya) District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Mapping Ecosystem Service: Challenges and Solutions

Mapping Ecosystem Service: Challenges and Solutions

Estimation of annual harvested runoff at Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq

Potential of Multispectral Satellite Data for Superficial Iron Oxide Detection in Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

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