Egypt is an endemic area with brucellosis, so wherever herd problem associated abortion is present, brucellosis should be suspected, and its sero-diagnosis is needed. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and their contact humans in Assiut and El-Minya Governorates where a history of abortion in sheep was the chief complaint of the farmers; besides; the appearance of signs of undulant fever among some contact humans. Also, to identify the risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity at human and animal level. Serum samples were collected from 189 sheep and 53 in contact humans in Assiut and El-Minya Governorates, Egypt, during 2017. Antibodies against brucellosis were measured in the serum samples using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and were further confirmed using Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis using RBPT was 15.87% in sheep and that in humans was 9.44% (5 of 53), respectively. STAT confirmed that 40% of the RBPT-positive reactor sheep were infected by Brucella abortus, 16.67% were containing Brucella melitensis and 20% were experiencing a mixed infection of both Br. abortus and Br. melitensis. Additionally, 80% of the RBPT-positive reactor humans were infected with Br. abortus only and 20% were having both species of Brucella. Among different analyzed variables in this study, the age and farming system of the examined sheep were statistically significant. There was no significant effect in relation to gender, abortion history and pregnancy status of the examined animals, however, higher exposure rates were found among males, abortive animals, and recently calved animals. Gender of the tested humans and presence of seropositive sheep in contact differed significantly in acquiring the infection. Nevertheless, other factors, including age, education, and profession were statistically insignificant on getting human brucellosis. These results indicate the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and sheep in the study areas and generally in Egypt, and therefore, control programs should be implemented.
Endometritis is one of the major diseases causing infertility in the cow. Intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a common treatment. However, the optimal concentration of PVP-I for treating endometritis effectively remains unknown. We tested concentrations of 2.0% or 0.5% PVP-I for treating clinical endometritis in dairy cattle. In Experiment 1, bacteria isolated from the uterus were incubated with either 2.0% or 0.5% PVP-I, and the numbers of bacterial colonies were counted. In Experiment 2, 18 cows with clinical endometritis were treated with either 2.0% or 0.5% PVP-I (n=9 in each group). Cytology samples and bacteria were collected using a cytobrush on weeks 0 (W0), 1 (W1) and 2 (W2) after treatment. Subsequent reproductive performance was compared between the two groups. In Experiment 1, both concentrations had a similar antiseptic outcome. In Experiment 2, the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN%) in the endometrial epithelium at W2 in the 2.0% group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the 0.5% group, although the PMN% decreased significantly from W0 to W2 (P<0.01) in both groups. Decreases in bacterial infection rates from W0 to W2 were similar in both groups. The first service conception rate was higher, numbers of services per conception were fewer, and time to conception was shorter in the 2.0% group than in the 0.5% group. Thus, an intrauterine infusion of 2.0% PVP-I was better than 0.5% in treating clinical endometritis in these dairy cattle.
ObjectiveQ fever is a febrile illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) and is transmitted to humans from small ruminants via contaminated secreta and excreta of infected animals. This pathogen threatens public health; however, little is known regarding Q fever prevalence in humans and small ruminants. Therefore, we employed a cross-sectional design to determine the Q fever seroprevalence and the associated risk factors in small ruminants and their owners in El Minya Governorate, Egypt between August 2016 and January 2017.ResultsThe seroprevalence of C. burnetii IgG antibodies was 25.68% (28 of 109), 28.20% (11 of 39) and 25.71% (9 of 35) in sheep, goats, and humans, respectively. None of the studied variables in small ruminants differed significantly between the seropositive and seronegative animals. There was a significantly higher prevalence (P = 0.0435) and increased odds of exposure was also observed among women (odds ratio, OR = 5.43 (95% CI 1.058–27.84) when compared to men; nevertheless, no significant difference was noted between the infection rate in small ruminants and humans. This study clearly points out that Q fever may be emerging in the area which lay the foundation for early prediction and better management of possible future outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2868-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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