Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

Abushahba, Mostafa F. N.; Abdelbaset, Abdelbaset Eweda; Rawy, Mohamed S.; Ahmed, Sylvia O.

doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2868-2

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…[20,21,22,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]; nine reporting on Leptospira spp. [22,26,27,28,43,44,45,46,47]; 13 reporting on Coxiella burnetii [23,24,25,39,40,41,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]; five on Mycobacterium bovis [42,55,56,57,58]; eight on Rickettsia spp. [25,53,54,59,60,61,62,63]; five reporting on Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five articles probed the presence of Q fever in human and animal hosts [41,48,50,51,52]. Abdel-Moein and Hamza examined vaginal discharges and placental cotyledons from animals that had aborted and found an overall prevalence of 0.9%, with the highest prevalence of Q fever being found in goats (3.4%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A seroprevalence of 19% was detected in the human contacts screened, with a higher prevalence being detected in farmers (30.6%) than veterinarians and veterinary assistants (9.4%) [48]. A higher seroprevalence of 25.71% was found in human contacts in Egypt [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

2019

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Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The interconnections between humans, animals and the environment are essential to understand the spread and subsequent containment of zoonoses. We searched three scientific databases for articles relevant to the epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses/zoonotic bacterial pathogens, including disease prevalence and control measures in humans and multiple animal species, in various African countries within the period from 2008 to 2018. The review identified 1966 articles, of which 58 studies in 29 countries met the quality criteria for data extraction. The prevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever ranged from 0–40%, 1.1–24% and 0.9–28.2%, respectively, depending on geographical location and even higher in suspected outbreak cases. Risk factors for human zoonotic infection included exposure to livestock and animal slaughters. Dietary factors linked with seropositivity were found to include consumption of raw milk and locally fermented milk products. It was found that zoonoses such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, Q fever and rickettsiosis among others are frequently under/misdiagnosed in febrile patients seeking treatment at healthcare centres, leading to overdiagnoses of more familiar febrile conditions such as malaria and typhoid fever. The interactions at the human–animal interface contribute substantially to zoonotic infections. Seroprevalence of the various zoonoses varies by geographic location and species. There is a need to build laboratory capacity and effective surveillance processes for timely and effective detection and control of zoonoses in Africa. A multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to tackle zoonoses is critical in the fight against zoonotic diseases. The impacts of zoonoses include: (1) Humans are always in contact with animals including livestock and zoonoses are causing serious life-threatening infections in humans. Almost 75% of the recent major global disease outbreaks have a zoonotic origin. (2) Zoonoses are a global health challenge represented either by well-known or newly emerging zoonotic diseases. (3) Zoonoses are caused by all-known cellular (bacteria, fungi and parasites) and noncellular (viruses or prions) pathogens. (4) There are limited data on zoonotic diseases from Africa. The fact that human health and animal health are inextricably linked, global coordinated and well-established interdisciplinary research efforts are essential to successfully fight and reduce the health burden due to zoonoses. This critically requires integrated data from both humans and animals on zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

2019

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“…A study indicated that ticks collected on camels (Hyalomma dromedarii) and bulls (Hyalomma excavatum) imported in Egypt from Sudan were infected with C. burnetii (233). Other studies found the presence of C. burnetii in livestock with a seroprevalence of 22.5 to 32.7% in sheep, 16.8 to 28.2% in goat, and 13 to 13.2% in cattle, respectively (171)(172)(173)234). A large survey that included livestock from Western desert, Nile River Valley, and Delta region reported anti-C. burnetii Ig in 19.3% (162/840) of cattle, 8.9% (64/716) of sheep, and 6.8% (21/311) of goats (235).…”

Section: The Main Known Reservoirs Of Coxiella Burnetii: Cattle Sheementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another study found a seroprevalence of 16.3% (15/92) in humans who lived in agricultural districts (172). A more recent (2016-2017) study in El Minya Governorate reported a seroprevalence of anti-C. burnetii IgG of 25.7% (9/35) in farmers (173). Besides a case of Q fever in a Belgian patient who developed the disease after a journey in Syria was reported (174), there is no information available regarding human seroprevalence of anti-C. burnetii Ig in the Palestinian, Lebanese, Jordanian, and Syrian populations.…”

Section: Human Q Fever Epidemiology Around the Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ahaduzzaman,

Reza

2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundCoxiellosis is a neglected zoonosis for occupationally exposed people in many parts of the world. Sheep and goats are two important small ruminants that act as reservoirs for human contamination; however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the epidemiological aspects of coxiellosis in sheep and goats at regional and global levels. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available articles on seroprevalence of coxiellosis in sheep and goats and estimate the overall seroprevalence in different regions.MethodsA systematic search strategy was performed in five electronic repositories for articles published until December 2021. Relevant data were extracted from the selected articles based on the inclusion criteria. A random effect meta‐analysis model was used to analyse the data. Results are presented as the prevalence of seropositivity as a percentage and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe global pooled seroprevalence of coxiellosis in sheep was 17.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.59%–19.17%). Overall, the regional level pooled prevalence estimates in sheep ranged from 15.04% (95% CI: 7.68%–22.40%) to 19.14% (95% CI: 15.51%–22.77%), depending on region. The global pooled seroprevalence of coxiellosis in goats was 22.60% (95% CI: 19.54%–25.66%). Overall, the regional level pooled prevalence estimates in goats ranged from 6.33% (95% CI: 2.96%–9.71%) to 55.13% (95% CI: 49.61%–60.65%), depending on the region. The prevalence estimates also varied significantly in both sheep and goats depending on age, sex, and rearing systems of the animals (p < 0.001).ConclusionSeroprevalence of coxiellosis in both sheep and goats is considerable. Routine monitoring of the sheep and goat populations is needed to prevent spillover infection in other livestock and humans.

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Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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