This study aims to determine the impact of five main drains as sources of antibiotics resistant bacteria in River Nile at Rosetta branch, and to generate a baseline data on their virulence ability. Out of 212 bacterial isolates, 39.2% and 60.8% were recovered from drains and Rosetta branch, respectively. Susceptibility of bacteria to different antibiotics showed multiple antibiotics resistances (MAR) for the majority of isolates. Meanwhile, sensitivity was mostly directed to ofloxacin and norfloxacin antibiotics. Calculated MAR index values (>0.25) classified area of study as potentially health risk environment. Testing virulence ability of bacteria from drains showed positive results (65%). Contrastively, virulent strains in Rosetta branch were mostly lacking in this study. Concluding remarks justify the strong correlation (r = +0.82) between MAR and virulence of bacteria in polluted aquatic ecosystems, and highlight the potential of drains as reactors for their amplification and dissemination. The study suggests regular monitoring for antibiotics resistance in native bacteria of River Nile, prohibition of unregulated use of antibiotics, and proper management for wastes disposal.
The present study aims to integrate the benefits of plaque assay using a novel phage mix with phylogenetic and molecular analysis for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Three phages were isolated and the transmission electron microscope related their morphological resemblance to those of Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families, while molecular analysis showed different cp‐gene sizes. The Phage mix was highly specific (86.0%), and data misleading didn't exceed 14.0% compared to membrane filter assay (39.2%). Time elapsed for test completion required 24 h. Identified P. aeruginosa were verified using 16S‐rDNA. Nucleotide sequence data for both phages and bacteria were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database, USA and gained their accession numbers. Concluding remarks highlight the potential of plaque assay as specific, simple and rapid method. The study recommended future efforts to isolate and characterize new phages for detecting other bacterial pathogens of public health concern to control water pollution and maintain adequate hygiene.
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