Antibiotics resistance phenomenon and virulence ability in bacteria from water environment

Abstract

This study aims to determine the impact of five main drains as sources of antibiotics resistant bacteria in River Nile at Rosetta branch, and to generate a baseline data on their virulence ability. Out of 212 bacterial isolates, 39.2% and 60.8% were recovered from drains and Rosetta branch, respectively. Susceptibility of bacteria to different antibiotics showed multiple antibiotics resistances (MAR) for the majority of isolates. Meanwhile, sensitivity was mostly directed to ofloxacin and norfloxacin antibiotics. Calculated MAR index values (>0.25) classified area of study as potentially health risk environment. Testing virulence ability of bacteria from drains showed positive results (65%). Contrastively, virulent strains in Rosetta branch were mostly lacking in this study. Concluding remarks justify the strong correlation (r = +0.82) between MAR and virulence of bacteria in polluted aquatic ecosystems, and highlight the potential of drains as reactors for their amplification and dissemination. The study suggests regular monitoring for antibiotics resistance in native bacteria of River Nile, prohibition of unregulated use of antibiotics, and proper management for wastes disposal.

Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance

“…The presence of AMR in aquaculture production systems may not only pose a direct threat to human health, but could also impact production itself by lowering drug efficacy 23,32 , decreasing the animal's immune system as seen in rats 33 and selecting more virulent strains (i.e. faster growth and higher transmission rates of pathogens) 34 . Recent research has shown that antimicrobial use might not be the only factor behind selection and emergence of AMR and warmer temperatures have been associated with higher AMR rates in terrestrial bacteria, establishing a sombre prospect in light of global climate warming 35 .…”

Antibiotic resistant gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from non-clinical environment: public health implications in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

“…Odjajare et al [58] in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa, reported similar result with a mean MAR index of 0.46. A MAR index of isolates with values higher than 0.2 has also been reported in sh samples sold in informal markets in Zimbabwe [59] and River Nile in Egypt [57]. These isolates with MAR indices greater than 0.2 indicate that they are from potentially health risk niche.…”

“…A MAR index > 0.2 indicates that isolates originate from high-risk sources of contamination [56] while MAR index > 0.4 is an indication of faecal origin contamination [51]. Antibiotics are increasingly present in wastewater and this contribute to the emergence and selection of AMR in the environment [57]. In the current study, analysis of MAR index of the P. aeruginosa strains showed that all of them had a MAR index above 0.2 with Mean MAR index of 0.42 and 0.34 of abattoir wastewater and aquatic isolates respectively (Fig.…”

The Effect of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum gratissimum Essential Oils and Extracts on Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Environmental Sources

“…The increasing development of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms has reached a critical point, threatening the gains over the years on the treatment of infectious diseases, since the discovery of penicillin in the early 1900s. The rate of resistance has become so astronomical that bacteria are developing defenses against antibiotics even as new ones are developed [5]. Unfortunately, this problem is not limited to clinical isolates alone but has extended to native isolates of aquatic environments [6].…”