BackgroundPsychiatric comorbidities are communal among patients with schizophrenia. A significant percentage of patients with schizophrenia show depressive symptoms during the development of their illness. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) in a sample of Egyptian patients (Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya) with schizophrenia and without a diagnosis of depression. ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, we included outpatients from Menoufiya University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Educational Hospital, 20-50 years old, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder that had not been diagnosed with depression. MethodologyWe administered the CDSS and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to the schizophrenia patient sample. Also, schizophrenia patients were studied according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. criteria. ResultsA total of 120 patients were recruited and included in the statistical analysis (72 men and 48 women). Sixty-three patients had a total score of 5 or more points on the CDSS, making the prevalence of depression 30%. The prevalence of depression in men (n = 24) was 33% versus 25% in women (n = 12). There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the prevalence of depression. The CDSS had a higher correlation with the depressive factor of the PANSS and a moderate correlation with the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS. Nonetheless, the correlation of the CDSS total score with the PANSS-negative was low. There was no correlation between depressive symptoms and positive symptoms. ConclusionOur results suggest that patients with schizophrenia who have not been diagnosed with depression frequently have clinically symptoms of depression, with the possible exception of a contribution from negative symptoms. CDSS is a more specific instrument to measure depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.

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Social media [1] is a huge source of information; it is increasingly being used by governments, companies, and marketers to understand how the crowd thinks. Sentiment analysis is a research field that analyzes people's opinions, sentiments, evaluations, appraisals, attitudes, and emotions towards entities such as products, services, organizations, individuals, issues, events, topics, and their attributes Arabic Sentiment Ontology (ASO) that contains different words that express feelings and how strongly these words express these feelings. In this paper We proposed a new lexicon-based model for Arabic sentiment analysis with support of Vader Module, the accuracy of the model was 86.6%.