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Background: COVID-19 can be accompanied by acute neurological complications of both central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS). In this study, we estimate the frequency of such complications among hospital inpatients with COVID-19 in Assiut and Aswan university hospitals. Materials and Methods: We screened all patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted from 1 June to 10 August 2020 to the university hospitals of Assiut and Aswan in Upper Egypt. Clinical and laboratory tests, CT/MRI of the chest and brain, and neurophysiology study were performed for each patient if indicated. Results: 439 patients had confirmed/probable COVID-19; neurological manifestations occurred in 222. Of these, 117 had acute neurological disease and the remainder had nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms such as headache, vertigo, and depression. The CNS was affected in 75 patients: 55 had stroke and the others had convulsions (5), encephalitis (6), hypoxic encephalopathy (4), cord myelopathy (2), relapse of multiple sclerosis (2), and meningoencephalitis (1). The PNS was affected in 42 patients: the majority had anosmia and ageusia (31) and the others had Guillain-Barré syndrome (4), peripheral neuropathy (3), myasthenia gravis (MG, 2), or myositis (2). Fever, respiratory symptoms, and headache were the most common general symptoms. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease were the most common comorbidities in patients with CNS affection. Conclusion: In COVID-19, both the CNS and PNS are affected. Stroke was the most common complication for CNS, and anosmia and/or ageusia were common for PNS diseases. However, there were 6 cases of encephalitis, 2 cases of spinal cord myelopathy, 2 cases of MG, and 2 cases of myositis.

The total alcohol extracts of Euphorbia cuneata Vahl.(Euphorbiaceae) were screened for antiulcerogenic activity using an ethanol-induced ulcer model at doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. The extracts possessed antiulcerogenic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Four flavonoidal compounds were isolated and identified as naringenin, aromadendrin, apigenin and 4'-O-methoxy-luteolin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside, each demonstrating antiulcerogenic activity with curative ratios ranging from 75.78% to 88.23%. In addition, the alcohol extracts and isolated compounds were shown to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl radical by different ratio, with the most effective being 4'-O-methoxy-luteolin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside (91.14%). The antioxidant activity of the alcohol extracts and the isolated compounds may explain the antiulcerogenic properties. No side effects were observed on either liver or kidney functions.

Background: COVID 19 can be accompanied by acute neurological complications of both central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS). In this study we estimate the frequency of such complications among hospital in-patients with COVID-19 in Assiut and Aswan University Hospitals. Material and Methods: We screened all patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted from 1 June to 10 August 2020 to the university hospitals of Assiut and Aswan in Upper Egypt. Clinical and laboratory data, CT/MRI of chest and brain, and neurophysiology were performed for each patient if indicated. Results: 439 patients had confirmed/probable COVID-19; neurological manifestations occurred in 222. Of these 117 had acute neurological disease; the remainder had non-specific neuropsychiatric symptoms such as headache, vertigo, and depression. The CNS was affected in 75 patients: 55 had stroke; the others had convulsions (5), encephalitis (6), hypoxic encephalopathy (4), cord myelopathy (2), relapse of RR-MS (2), and meningoencephalitis (1). The PNS was affected in 42 patients: the majority had anosmia and ageusia (31); the others had GBS (4), peripheral neuropathy (3), myasthenia gravis (2), or myositis (2). Fever, respiratory symptoms and headache, were the most common general symptoms. Hypertensions, Diabetes Mellitus, ischemic heart disease were the most common comorbidities in patients with CNS affection. Conclusion: In COVID‑19, both the CNS and PNS are affected. Stroke was the most common complication for CNS and anosmia and/or ageusia were common for PNS diseases. However there were 6 cases encephalitis, 2 cases of spinal cord myelopathy, 2 cases of MG and 2 cases of myositis.

The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of ethanolic extract of were determined. The highest antibacterial activity; 23.40 ± 0.58 mm (00.98 µg/ml) and 22.60 ± 2.10 mm (03.90 µg/ml) were obtained against by and, respectively. However, showed excellent antibacterial activity against (21.7 ± 1.5 mm; 1.95 µg/ml), (21.7 ± 0.58 mm; 1.95 µg/ml), (20.7 ± 1.2 mm; 1.95 µg/ml) and (20.1 ± 1.2 mm; 3.9 µg/ml). Moreover, the highest antifungal activity; 24.7 ± 2.0 mm (0.98 µg/ml), 23.7 ± 1.5 mm (0.98 µg/ml), 23.6 ± 1.5 mm (0.98 µg/ml) was obtained by against , and , respectively. The algal extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum scavenging activity (77.6%, IC = 5.59 µg/ml and 77.07%, IC = 14.3 µg/ml) was provided by and, respectively. The antitumor activity revealed that the IC values of were 58.9, 115.0, 54.5, 59.0, 101.0, 101.0, and 97.6 µg/ml; were 55.2, 96.8, 104.0, 78.7, 117.0, 217.0, 169.0 µg/ml; and were 115.0, 221.0, 225.0, 200.0, 338.0, 242.0, and 189.0 µg/ml; respectively against A-549 (Lung carcinoma), Caco-2 (Intestinal carcinoma), HCT-116 (Colon carcinoma), Hela (Cervical carcinoma), HEp-2 (Larynx carcinoma), HepG-2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma), and MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma) cell lines.