Fatwas in Malaysia seems to be existing without legal power and value since they are not mentioned literally in the Federal Constitution. Accordingly, there has been a perception of fatwa institutions issuing fatwas without legal authority to bind Muslims to certain legal decisions and views. Hence, this study is to clarify that fatwas are valid and recognized as part of the legal reference in Malaysia. More importantly, this paper refutes the claim that fatwa is unconstitutional in terms of its legal position. Additionally, this study intends to clarify that the philosophy of federalism practiced in Malaysia is solid evidence that fatwas are indeed an authoritative source of law in Malaysia. This study is conducted qualitatively using document analysis instruments with reference to the Federal Constitution and legal provisions practiced in Malaysia. Investigation of this study found that fatwa and its institutions in the country are valid according to Malaysian law. However, they are not mentioned literally in the Constitution, particularly fatwa authority that involves state jurisdiction in Islamic affairs. Moreover, this paper is highly significant to highlight the validity of fatwa from the Constitution perspective and further support the authority and credibility of its institutions according to Malaysian law.
The issue of illegitimate pregnancies is worrying and births out of wedlock are rampant in Malaysia. These concerns are not exclusive to Malaysia however, as typically, developing countries encounter similar problems. Workable data or statistics on adultery are nearly impossible to obtain as the perpetrator would be unlikely to plead guilty, unless there are reliable witnesses willing to testify and help the prosecution. However, data on out of wedlock pregnancies and illegitimate births in Malaysia are certainly considered essential indicators of acts of fornication. Apart from from the incidences of rape, acts of voluntary sexual intercourse also contribute to both pregnancies and the birth of illegitimate children. Against this backdrop, the prsent paper aims to analyse the relevant syariah criminal laws related to premarital pregnancies. The areas of interest are issues on the allocation of funds, nature of punishment, extent of prosecution, and incriminating evidence required under the Syariah Criminal Offences (SCO) Enactments of states in Malaysia. This study has adopted a qualitative method by obtaining data through analyses of documents pertaining to the Syariah Criminal Offences (SCO) Enactments of Malaysian states, books, and academic journals. This study finds that not all states have provisions for extramarital affairs. In fact, prosecutions in Syariah Courts for out of wedlock pregnancies are very fewcompared tothe number of illegitimate births. Inaddition, the existing provisions under the SCO are sufficient to handle cases of out of wedlock pregnancies and illegitimate births. In facing this reality, effective laws are obligatory, on top of the need to refine the existing provisions and develop the Islamic legal andjudicial system in Malaysia.
Keterangan dokumen elektronik sering kali dikemukakan dalam perbicaraan di mahkamah syariah. Sekiranya didapati relevan, mempunyai nilai probatif dan koroboratif yang tinggi, serta terjaga rantaian keterangan dan jagaannya, sudah pasti ianya akan diterima oleh mahkamah syariah sebagai keterangan sekaligus membolehkannya diguna pakai sebagai asas penghakiman mahkamah. Keterangan dokumen elektronik berfungsi untuk membuktikan fakta isu dan fakta relevan serta digunakan untuk menyokong keterangan-keterangan lain yang dikemukakan dalam sesuatu perbicaraan. Penulisan ini mensasarkan tiga objektif. Objektif pertama mensasarkan untuk menganalisis prinsip syariah serta pengaplikasian peruntukan undang-undang berkaitan pengemukaan keterangan dokumen elektronik di mahkamah syariah. Objektif kedua mensasarkan untuk mengenal pasti permasalahan yang wujud. Objektif ketiga mensasarkan untuk mencadangkan penyelesaian ke atas permasalahan yang telah dikenal pasti. Penulisan yang dilaksanakan adalah bercirikan doktrinal serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Temu bual ke atas pengamal undang-undang syariah turut dilakukan untuk menyokong dapatan penulisan. Penulis mendapati keterangan dokumen elektronik boleh dikemukakan serta dijadikan sebagai asas penghakiman kes sekiranya mahkamah syariah menerimanya sebagai keterangan. Walau bagaimanapun, pendefinisian keterangan dokumen elektronik yang kabur di bawah Enakmen Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah telah mengakibatkan pengaplikasian undang-undangnya serta proses pengemukaannya di mahkamah syariah menjadi turut tidak jelas. Penulisan ini seterusnya mencadangkan agar definisi keterangan dokumen elektronik di bawah prinsip syariah diperjelaskan lagi agar kebolehterimaan, pengemukaan serta pengaplikasian undang-undangnya menjadi jelas.
This article examines the criminal distinction between shari'ah and the law in the spread of fake news. There have been numerous instances of fake news spreading recently, particularly on the internet. The power of the viral in social media is growing over time. The rise in these cases has sparked public concern about the security of personal data and personal reputations, as fake news spreads quickly and unnoticed. This study's goal in this regard was to discuss the crime of spreading fake news in the context of Shari'ah Islamiyyah. The second goal is to identify the role of SKMM, Malaysian legal procedures, and related issues. Furthermore, this study compares Shari'ah to relevant laws in Malaysia and abroad, and proposes solutions deemed appropriate to protect the interests and rights of all parties involved. This is a qualitative study using content analysis methods, and the materials used are primarily drawn from a library of primary and secondary data. The main data is gathered from the book Shari'ah to explain how the shari'ah principle was applied. The Act, the Penal Code, and related legal cases are all detailed in the statute. Secondary data comes from published sources such as textbooks, journal articles, online databases, and the Internet. The study employs a combined method of data analysis, which is a descriptive, critical, and comparative approach, for analysis. The statements of the judges in each case are carefully checked; gaps are highlighted and rational justification is provided. The findings show that the crime of spreading fake news during the heyday of Islam was more in line with the philosophical and moral meaning than the current day, which is more punitive, particularly in terms of penalties and long-term consequences. Furthermore, a review of Malaysia's legal framework on this subject reveal that appropriate safeguards must be strengthened to ensure that victims of the spread of fake news receive justice. The phenomenon that occurs between these two epochs reveals a significant separatist gap as the Islamic mold is lost as a guide to life in the surf of community life.
Risk management is an important element whose application is very important, especially in Bank as one of financial institution. In the circumstances of the external and internal environments of the rapidly expanding banking, Islamic banks are always faced with various types of risk with varying levels of complexity and inherent in their business activities.s
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