The issue of illegitimate pregnancies is worrying and births out of wedlock are rampant in Malaysia. These concerns are not exclusive to Malaysia however, as typically, developing countries encounter similar problems. Workable data or statistics on adultery are nearly impossible to obtain as the perpetrator would be unlikely to plead guilty, unless there are reliable witnesses willing to testify and help the prosecution. However, data on out of wedlock pregnancies and illegitimate births in Malaysia are certainly considered essential indicators of acts of fornication. Apart from from the incidences of rape, acts of voluntary sexual intercourse also contribute to both pregnancies and the birth of illegitimate children. Against this backdrop, the prsent paper aims to analyse the relevant syariah criminal laws related to premarital pregnancies. The areas of interest are issues on the allocation of funds, nature of punishment, extent of prosecution, and incriminating evidence required under the Syariah Criminal Offences (SCO) Enactments of states in Malaysia. This study has adopted a qualitative method by obtaining data through analyses of documents pertaining to the Syariah Criminal Offences (SCO) Enactments of Malaysian states, books, and academic journals. This study finds that not all states have provisions for extramarital affairs. In fact, prosecutions in Syariah Courts for out of wedlock pregnancies are very fewcompared tothe number of illegitimate births. Inaddition, the existing provisions under the SCO are sufficient to handle cases of out of wedlock pregnancies and illegitimate births. In facing this reality, effective laws are obligatory, on top of the need to refine the existing provisions and develop the Islamic legal andjudicial system in Malaysia.
The development of science and technology is always ahead and has no point and seems limitless. Although human beings are the agents who started this development but eventually faced with a bitter situation which can sacrifice human moral, right and interest of our future. Shariah criminal offenses nowadays can not only occur or be witnessed by a person in a meeting physically with the perpetrator. As a result of technological developments, such behavior can occur and can be witnessed in general by larger groups. Although the illegal treatment which is not in accordance with sharia law and the moral crisis issues happening surrounding us and is rampant on social media, no enforcement is done on perpetrators who use social media medium. According to sharia principles, something that is wrong should be prevented and it is the responsibility of all Muslim individuals. But what is happening today, some Shariah criminal behavior, especially in relation to ethics, can occur easily using facilities technology driven by technological ingenuity. If the application of existing legal provisions is limited and has obstacles for enforcement purposes, then the problem needs to be overcome due to development the law should be in line with current developments. The study aims to identify a segment and cases of the moral crisis on social media and online using the artificial intelligence (AI) application and to identify the needs for shariah prevention. This thesis uses qualitative approaches, adopts library-based research, and, by content analysis of documents, applies the literature review approach. The findings show that the use of social media and AI technology has had an impact on various issues such as moral crisis, security, misuse, an intrusion of personal data, and the construction of AI beyond human control. Thus, the involvement and cooperation of various parties are needed in regulating and addressing issues that arise as a result of the use of social media and AI technology in human life.
Keterangan dokumen elektronik sering kali dikemukakan dalam perbicaraan di mahkamah syariah. Sekiranya didapati relevan, mempunyai nilai probatif dan koroboratif yang tinggi, serta terjaga rantaian keterangan dan jagaannya, sudah pasti ianya akan diterima oleh mahkamah syariah sebagai keterangan sekaligus membolehkannya diguna pakai sebagai asas penghakiman mahkamah. Keterangan dokumen elektronik berfungsi untuk membuktikan fakta isu dan fakta relevan serta digunakan untuk menyokong keterangan-keterangan lain yang dikemukakan dalam sesuatu perbicaraan. Penulisan ini mensasarkan tiga objektif. Objektif pertama mensasarkan untuk menganalisis prinsip syariah serta pengaplikasian peruntukan undang-undang berkaitan pengemukaan keterangan dokumen elektronik di mahkamah syariah. Objektif kedua mensasarkan untuk mengenal pasti permasalahan yang wujud. Objektif ketiga mensasarkan untuk mencadangkan penyelesaian ke atas permasalahan yang telah dikenal pasti. Penulisan yang dilaksanakan adalah bercirikan doktrinal serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Temu bual ke atas pengamal undang-undang syariah turut dilakukan untuk menyokong dapatan penulisan. Penulis mendapati keterangan dokumen elektronik boleh dikemukakan serta dijadikan sebagai asas penghakiman kes sekiranya mahkamah syariah menerimanya sebagai keterangan. Walau bagaimanapun, pendefinisian keterangan dokumen elektronik yang kabur di bawah Enakmen Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah telah mengakibatkan pengaplikasian undang-undangnya serta proses pengemukaannya di mahkamah syariah menjadi turut tidak jelas. Penulisan ini seterusnya mencadangkan agar definisi keterangan dokumen elektronik di bawah prinsip syariah diperjelaskan lagi agar kebolehterimaan, pengemukaan serta pengaplikasian undang-undangnya menjadi jelas.
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