IntroductionWorldwide, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major causes of morbidity and mortality. This study assesses the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and DM in an urban community in northwestern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Adults aged 18 years and above, who attended a medical outreach program were interviewed and screened for hypertension and DM. Anthropometry, blood glucose and blood pressure were measured with standard instruments and methodology. Primary outcomes were hypertension and DM. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14 and presented as mean ± standard deviation and frequencies. Chi-square and Pearson's correlation co-efficient were used to identify the correlates of hypertension and DM, at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 51.0 ± 14.0 years and 87.8% were females. Prevalence of hypertension and DM were 55.9% and 23.3% respectively. Age greater than 40 years and female gender were associated with risk of hypertension and DM respectively, p < 0.05. There was a weak correlation between systolic hypertension and age (r = 0.18, p = 0.02), diastolic hypertension and body mass index (r = 0.16, p = 0.03) and blood sugar and waist circumference (r = 0.19, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe high prevalence of hypertension and DM among the study population highlights the need for the development and implementation of a community-based public health interventions aimed at reducing their risk factors.

Introduction Dyslipidemia confers excess atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and this requires prompt identification and management to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the case notes of eligible patients and analyzed using STATA version 14. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median and interquartile range (IQR) while categorical variables were as frequencies and percentages. Student t and chi-square tests were used to test for association at p < 0.05. Results A total of 322 subjects (161 male, 161 female) with a mean age of 53.5 ± 10.8 years partook in the study. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 69.3%. Mixed dyslipidemia of high triglyceride (TG) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was present in 41.0%; high TG and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 2.8%; and high LDL and low HDL in 2.5%. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia and isolated low HDL-cholesterol were present in 3.4%, 2.5% and 23.6% respectively. Dyslipidemia status was not associated with age, sex, duration of DM or hypertension, obesity, and mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-hour postprandial glucose. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in the newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients and therefore, initial management should incorporate measures to control dyslipidemia.

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Objective: Salivary gland tumors are mostly slow growing and painless. Majorities are located in the parotid glands and are benign. Treatment of these parotid tumors may endanger the facial nerve. This study evaluated the clinical presentation and management of parotid gland tumors in Kaduna, North-west, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients that were treated for parotid gland tumors at the Maxillofacial Unit of Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, North-west, Nigeria over a period of 13years (January 2008 to December, 2020). Patients’ records were analyzed for age, sex, clinical presentation, investigations, surgical management, histological diagnosis and outcome of treatment. Results: A total of 55 patients with parotid gland tumors were seen. Age range was 12 - 75 years with a mean of 45.5 (SD± 0.7) years. The male: female ratio was found to be 1.1: 1. Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest tumour (n=28, 50.9%). Four (7.3%) patients who had been on antiretroviral medications were seen with massive tumors. Superficial parotidectomy was the commonest surgical procedure carried out in these patients. Patients with malignancies were referred for post-surgical radiotherapy. High early recurrences were noticed in patients who were retroviral positive. Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenoma was commonest tumors treated and superficial parotidectomy was the commonest surgical procedure performed for the treatment of parotid gland tumors. Post-operative radiotherapy as an adjunct was carried out in cases with diagnosis of malignant lesions.