Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction Dyslipidemia confers excess atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and this requires prompt identification and management to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the case notes of eligible patients and analyzed using STATA version 14. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median and interquartile range (IQR) while categorical variables were as frequencies and percentages. Student t and chi-square tests were used to test for association at p < 0.05. Results A total of 322 subjects (161 male, 161 female) with a mean age of 53.5 ± 10.8 years partook in the study. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 69.3%. Mixed dyslipidemia of high triglyceride (TG) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was present in 41.0%; high TG and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 2.8%; and high LDL and low HDL in 2.5%. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia and isolated low HDL-cholesterol were present in 3.4%, 2.5% and 23.6% respectively. Dyslipidemia status was not associated with age, sex, duration of DM or hypertension, obesity, and mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-hour postprandial glucose. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in the newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients and therefore, initial management should incorporate measures to control dyslipidemia.

<p>Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Adult Type-2 Diabetic Patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia</p>

“…The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia obtained in this study was comparable with a study done in Kembata Tembaro, Ethiopia (65.5%), 19 Jimma, Ethiopia (63.5%), 20 and Zaria, Nigeria (69.3%). 23 The reasons for the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the current study might be partly attributed to the current trend toward urbanization, reduced physical activity, and obesity, which results in a higher incidence of T2DM with its metabolic abnormalities. Whereas, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia reported in this study were lower than reports from Tanzania (83%), 24 Thailand (88.9%), 17 and Pokhara, Nepal (88.1%).…”

Predictors of Lipid Profile Abnormalities Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…This observation was consistent with studies conducted in Ethiopia. 27,28 On the contrary, a higher burden of dyslipidemia was reported from Kenya 86.1%, 29 Nigeria 69.3%, 30 and Iran 75.3%. 31 However, a lower burden of dyslipidemia was observed in China 49.06%.…”

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

“…In obesity, dyslipidaemia is characterised by elevated serum triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), apolipoprotein B, non-HDL-C levels and normal or slightly elevated LDL-C 8 . The patterns of hypertension-associated dyslipidaemia vary from population to population; however, several studies have identified low HDL-C as the most prominent feature of dyslipidaemia in hypertension 9 ), while other studies have reported a high prevalence of mixed dyslipidaemia of high TG and LDL-C 10 .…”