Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Abstract

The present study assessed the prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with multi-morbidities. In this study, 614 individuals with DM and hypertension were recruited. Dyslipidaemia was defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.8 mmol/L and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1 mmol/L for men and < 1.2 mmol/L for women. Multivariate regression model (adjusted) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 76.7% (n = 471), with females showing the highest prevalence 357 (75.79%). Elevated TG (62.21%) was the most prevalent form of dyslipidemia. Only 103 (16.77%) participants were on statin therapy. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis (adjusted) showed that, the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.48–4.05) was associated with high TC. DM (AOR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.30–3.06) and the female sex (AOR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.56–4.12) were associated with low HDL-C. Obesity (AOR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.12–2.21) and the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.00–2.54) were associated with elevated LDL-C. DM (AOR = 2.32; 95%CI 1.61–3.34) was associated with elevated TG. We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The study further demonstrated that prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia should be prioritised among individuals with multi-morbidities.

Risk Analysis and Assessment of Lipid Abnormalities as the Earliest Complication in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals of a Local Population

“…In Turkish subjects, more females (80.4%) were observed to have lipid abnormalities as compared to males (78.7%) [ 27 ]. In comparison with our study findings, a South African-based study observed a higher frequency of dyslipidemic females (75.79%) as compared to males (24.2%) [ 28 ]. Similar to previous local studies, patients having uncontrolled HbA1c revealed more lipid abnormalities [ 7 ].…”

Identifying the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity in middle-aged men and women: a cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries

“…Dyslipidaemia was the most commonly occurring disease across all the sites, with the prevalence ranging from 42.7% in men from Navrongo to 87.4% in women from Dikgale. These results are similar to other African studies,36 37 with a recent study by Masilela et al ,38 reporting a prevalence of 76.7% in South African adults receiving care for diabetes and hypertension, and Reiger et al 39 reporting a prevalence of 67.3% in over 4000 adults aged 40 years and older from Agincourt, South Africa. Many of these African studies have reported that low HDL-C is the main driver of the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and it is important to debate whether the current international cut-offs for HDL-C, triglyceride and other cholesterol measures are relevant to the African population.…”

Knowledge and lifestyle modifications for dyslipidaemia among patients on statins in Pretoria

“…1 A high total cholesterol level in the blood is referred to as hyperlipidaemia, and a normal value is less than 5 mmol/L. 1,2 Different types of cholesterol, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) form part of the total cholesterol. 1 Dyslipidaemia is a more favourable term than hyperlipidaemia, because it also includes a decreased concentration of HDL-C. 3 Dyslipidaemia, including hypercholesterolaemia can be categorised according to aetiology as either primary/familial or secondary.…”