Prevalence and correlates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in an urban community in North-Western Nigeria

Abstract

IntroductionWorldwide, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major causes of morbidity and mortality. This study assesses the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and DM in an urban community in northwestern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Adults aged 18 years and above, who attended a medical outreach program were interviewed and screened for hypertension and DM. Anthropometry, blood glucose and blood pressure were measured with standard instruments and methodology. Primary outcomes were hypertension and DM. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14 and presented as mean ± standard deviation and frequencies. Chi-square and Pearson's correlation co-efficient were used to identify the correlates of hypertension and DM, at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 51.0 ± 14.0 years and 87.8% were females. Prevalence of hypertension and DM were 55.9% and 23.3% respectively. Age greater than 40 years and female gender were associated with risk of hypertension and DM respectively, p < 0.05. There was a weak correlation between systolic hypertension and age (r = 0.18, p = 0.02), diastolic hypertension and body mass index (r = 0.16, p = 0.03) and blood sugar and waist circumference (r = 0.19, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe high prevalence of hypertension and DM among the study population highlights the need for the development and implementation of a community-based public health interventions aimed at reducing their risk factors.

Relationship of combined frequency of hypertension and diabetes mellitus to socioeconomic status: A comparative study in Anambra State of Nigeria

“…Frequency of diabetes is 19.2% among the high SES and 7.3% among the low SES and the difference is statistically significant. The frequency we got is lower than some other community findings in Northern Nigeria (Okoduwa et al, 2015;Dahiru et al, 2016;Bello-Ovosi et al, 2018). However, some works reported lower frequency (Danjin et al, 2016;Aladeniyi et al, 2017;Shittu et al, 2017).…”

“…The difference is not statistically significant. The frequency values found in this work are higher than what have been reported in some literature (Ado et al, 2009;Ulasi et al, 2011;Abegunde and Owoaje, 2013;Makusudi et al, 2013;Anyabolu et al, 2017;Bello-Ovosi et al, 2018). Some researchers have reported that hypertension is associated with low SES (Okpara et al, 2015;Anyabolu, 2017).…”

Selected Cardiometabolic Risk-factor Clusters of Urban Hypertensive Adults in Response to 72-hour ABU Radio Frequency Modulated (F.M.) Call for Free-medical Screening

“…[47][48][49] Consistent with prior studies, there were approximately 1 in 4 subjects (22.2%) who had diabetes both historically (prior diagnosis) and via fasting blood glucose estimation. 6,[50][51] This high prevalence of diabetes mellitus similar to a recent report of 23.3% in an urban community in Kaduna, North-West Nigeria 50 as well as the 26.3% reported among oil company workers in Port Harcourt 51 far exceeds the global prevalence rate of 8.8% 52 as well as the 5.7% prevalence rate in Nigeria following recent meta-analysis by Uloko et al 53 The recent ACE study across several geopolitical zones in Nigeria also documented a high prevalence of diabetes (18.7%) amongst urban communities with a surprisingly higher rate of 28.6% amongst rural communities as against the previous lower trend. 6 Likewise, data from centres across four Sub-Saharan African countries (Camaroon, Nigeria, DRC and Madagascar) showed similar high prevalence rate of 17% albeit higher levels in the present study.…”

“…Larger community or population based studies involving lipid profile, insulin resistance and CRP should be carried out across the Northern part of the country and by extension other geo-political zones to determine the impact of the CMRFC on a larger scale as this study may be limited by this even though similar studies with such numbers or smaller numbers made valid conclusions. 21,22,25,39,44,50 lifestyle differences, varied degrees of urbanization and sociocultural disparity may account for the marked differences in different studies. 60 The use of diuretics especially the thiazides which was found in more than half of the study population (48.3% in combination therapy and 15.6% as a single agent) may have contributed to the higher prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes as diuretics have been shown to affect glucose homeostasis.…”

The association between various biological, behavioural and psychosocial factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Although several primary Africa-speci c epidemiological studies have been conducted investigating associations between modi able risk factors and T2DM [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], to date no reviews, to our knowledge, have summarised these studies using a systematic and meta-analytic methodology. This is despite the existence of several Africa-speci c T2DM systematic and narrative reviews [36][37][38][39][40], including limited meta-analyses [40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”