No abstract

Production and availability of plant species have an essential role as cattle feed. Feed supplies for animal depend on plant species to produce more preferred types of quantity and quality. The purpose of this study was to select dominance of plant species to increasing productivity and develop grazing area. The study was conducted at field farming with large area ± 1.2 ha, consists of 6 cows, and 10 goats in Bondowoso. Identification of species composition was conducted following method Braun-Blanquet scale using a line transect of 0-70 m at every 10 m interval to determine the adaptation of plant species. The purpose of this study was to determine the population of dominance plant species (%), and as information for the conservation of land areas to increase the availability of animal feed in Jember, East Java. The number of plant species as animal feed were 22, consist of 12 types of grass, 6 types of legumes, and 4 types of weeds. The population of grass species more than 75% consisted of Axonopus compessus (85.71%), Para Grass (82.14%), Bracharia decumben (75.00%), Kyllinga Brevifolia (75.00%), and clover was Centrosema Molle (78.57%). The comparison frequency between plant species consists of grass 57.77%, legumes 22.31%, and weeds 19.92%. The observation diversity of plant height was 17.16 cm, vegetation cover rate was 71%. The findings of this study suggest that Axonopus Compessus, Para Grass, Bracharia Decumben, Kyllinga Brevifolia, and Centrosema Molle are the dominance of plant species could increase production, and availability cattle feed in the grazing area.

ABSTRAKDesa Ngadisari – Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan sentra produksi hortikultura di Jawa Timur. Komoditas unggulan di desa ini antara lain adalah kentang, daun bawang, kubis, dan tanaman hortikultura lainnya. Dalam proses budidaya, petani menghadapi serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman dari golongan patogen. Saat ini masalah tersebut diatasi dengan pestisida kimia sintetik. Namun demikian teknik tersebut dikeluhkan semakin mahal dan kurang efektif. Fenomena tersebut merupakan kendala yang dialami oleh petani tanaman hortikultura yang merupakan mitra pada program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini. Secara umum masalah masyarakat mitra yaitu: (i) serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman yang menurunkan hasil produksi, (ii) belum memahami teknik budidaya sesuai good agricultural practices, dan (iii) belum memahami aplikasi praktis teknologi biointensif. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut telah dilakukan upaya dalam bentuk seminar, penyuluhan, dan pelatihan terkait implementasi teknologi biointensif dalam bentuk pembuatan dan aplikasi pupuk organik. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi beberapa aktivitas, yaitu tahap persiapan dan sosialisasi program, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap evaluasi, dan tahap penyusunan program lanjutan. Dari kegiatan ini diketahui petani mendapatkan keterampilan tambahan terkait produksi pupuk organik yang benar, dan memiliki motivasi yang lebih tinggi untuk menerapkan proses budidaya tanaman secara sehat. Melalui peningkatan keterampilan dan motivasi tersebut, diharapkan pada masa yang akan datang produksi pertanian di Desa Ngadisari dapat meningkat dan tingkat residu pestisidanya dapat menurun. Kata kunci: organic; pelatihan; penyuluhan; pupuk; tepat guna ABSTRACTHorticultural products are produced at Ngadisari Village in East Java's Probolinggo Regency. This village relies heavily on selling agricultural products like potatoes, spring onions, cabbage, and other vegetables. When cultivating crops, farmers often encounter pest problem. In order to address this issue, synthetic chemical pesticides are currently employed. Unfortunately, this approach has been panned for being costly. Below are some of the big concerns of the partner community: (i) reduced yields due to pest attacks, (ii) not knowing how to grow using good agricultural practices, and (iii) not knowing how to put bio-intensive technologies to use in the field. Seminar, extension, and training related to bio-intensive technologies' production of organic fertilizer have been conducted to address this issue. Activities are subdivided into various steps, such as planning, executing the plan, and collecting feedback. As a result of participating in this activity, farmers gain knowledge and motivation to produce plants more sustainably, and they are better able to produce organic fertilizers. In the long run, this approach will decrease pesticide residues and boost agricultural production. Keywords: organic; training; extension; fertilizer; appropriate

Background and Aim: Developing simple, cost-efficient sheep feed will improve farmers’ incomes. Including coffee skin in feed offers the most technical method of increasing sheep weight gain. This study aimed to evaluate varying proportions of ensiled coffee skin replacing dried water spinach and determine the optimal combination for the growth performance, physiological and hematological profiles, and rumen fluid of sheep. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four animals were randomly allocated to the treatments, arranged in a randomized block design using the initial weight as a block. Seven treatment diets were adjusted and a 12-animal replication was used for each treatment. The treatments were as follows: T0: 30% maize stover, 30% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 20% coffee skin; T1: 30% maize stover, 25% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 5% ensiled coffee skin; T2: 30% maize stover, 20% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 10% ensiled coffee skin; T3: 30% maize stover, 15% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 15% ensiled coffee skin; T4: 30% maize stover, 10% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 20% ensiled coffee skin; T5: 30% maize stover, 5% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 25% ensiled coffee skin; T6: 30% maize stover, 5% pollard, and 30% ensiled coffee skin. The sheep were reared for 70 days.The parameters observed during the early stage included growth performance (initial body weight, LW gain, final body weight, and feed intake). At the end of periods, a representative sample of ruminal fluid (approximately 150 mL) was collected from slaughtered sheep, duplicated, and then incubated for 18 h and blood samples were collected from the sheep (jugular vein) in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes. Then, used to analyze various blood biochemical parameters. Results: The final body weights showed a linear curve increasing as the treatment increased (p < 0.05). The ensiled coffee skin tended to increase at 6 h incubation time, producing reduced methane gas (p < 0.05). However, in general, the use of ensiled coffee skin did not significantly alter the blood biochemistry of crossbreed sheep (p > 0.05). There was no significant effect on the protozoal population (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the level of ensiled coffee skin up to 30% replacing dried water spinach increased the final body weight of crossbreed sheep with no adverse effect. Keywords: biochemical blood, coffee skin, crossbreed sheep, ensiling, final body weight.