Objective: To determine the frequency distribution of dental anomalies in people with Down syndrome. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed in Jakarta, Indonesia, and evaluated 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14-53 years. Were collected information regarding the tooth number, tooth size, shape, and structure. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. The Pearson chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis. The significance threshold was set at 5%. Results: There were 70 female subjects (40.2%) and 104 male subjects (59.8%) with an average age of 19.2 years. In terms of anomalies of tooth number, hypodontia (80.9%), supernumerary teeth (12.4%), and combined hypodontia and supernumerary teeth (12.4%) were identified. In terms of anomalies of tooth size, microdontia (98.8%) is the most common anomaly. Anomalies of tooth shape included fusion (66.67%) and talon's cusp (33.3%), whereas anomalies of tooth structure included enamel hypoplasia (70.8%), enamel hypocalcification (4.2%), combined enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification (12.5%), and tooth discoloration (12.5%). Conclusion: Individuals with Down syndrome in Jakarta showed a high prevalence of dental anomalies, with hypodontia and microdontia being the most common anomalies showing a tendency to occur predominantly in males.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a natural antibacterial agent to reduce the viability of the chromogenic bacteria Actinomyces sp., which causes dental black stains.Methods: Actinomyces sp. was isolated from the saliva of a child diagnosed with black stain. Each streak of bacteria was cultured on a selective medium Actinomyces agar and confirmed visually and through a gram staining procedure. Each bacterial culture was exposed to VCO in concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Afterward, viability testing with a methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay was conducted, and the results were read using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader.
Results:The reduction of bacterial viability of Actinomyces sp. showed a significant difference between the negative control group and the groups treated with various concentrations of VCO 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%.
Conclusion:The minimum concentration of VCO necessary to kill Actinomyces sp. is VCO 12.5%.
Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the effects obtained with different concentrations (0.5 and 0.1%) of propolis flavonoids on in vitro biofilm formation by clinical Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from children’s dental plaque.Materials and Methods: S. mutans isolated from children’s dental plaque was assayed for biofilm formation in 96-microwell plates using crystal violet.Results: The effects on S. mutans biofilm formation were the same for propolis flavonoids administered at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1% (p>0.01).Conclusion: A 0.05% propolis flavonoids concentration was deemed as effective as a 0.1% concentration at inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation.
Aim:This study aims to analyze the antibacterial effects of different concentrations of propolis flavonoids and ethanol against S. mutans ATPase activity.
Methods:S. mutans cells were exposed to 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.075%, and 0.05% propolis flavonoids and then incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere for 48 h. The ATPase activity in these cells was then tested using a colorimetric assay.Results: No significant difference was found in the average ATPase activity of S. mutans after treatment with various concentrations of propolis flavonoids and ethanol.Conclusions: Thus, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.075%, and 0.05% propolis flavonoids and 10% ethanol had similar effects against S. mutans ATPase activity. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of flavonoids from Trigona spp. propolis.
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