Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Indonesian Individuals with Down Syndrome

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency distribution of dental anomalies in people with Down syndrome. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed in Jakarta, Indonesia, and evaluated 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14-53 years. Were collected information regarding the tooth number, tooth size, shape, and structure. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. The Pearson chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis. The significance threshold was set at 5%. Results: There were 70 female subjects (40.2%) and 104 male subjects (59.8%) with an average age of 19.2 years. In terms of anomalies of tooth number, hypodontia (80.9%), supernumerary teeth (12.4%), and combined hypodontia and supernumerary teeth (12.4%) were identified. In terms of anomalies of tooth size, microdontia (98.8%) is the most common anomaly. Anomalies of tooth shape included fusion (66.67%) and talon's cusp (33.3%), whereas anomalies of tooth structure included enamel hypoplasia (70.8%), enamel hypocalcification (4.2%), combined enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification (12.5%), and tooth discoloration (12.5%). Conclusion: Individuals with Down syndrome in Jakarta showed a high prevalence of dental anomalies, with hypodontia and microdontia being the most common anomalies showing a tendency to occur predominantly in males.

Frequent oral manifestations in people with Down Syndrome. A literature review

“…The countries of origin of the studies included Brazil, 2,4,6-8 Yemen, 9,10 Saudi Arabia, 11 United Arab Emirates, 3 India, 12 Indonesia, 13 Jordan, 14 Kosovo, 5 the Netherlands, 15 and Peru. 1 Six articles were published between the years 2011-2015 and nine between 2016-2020.…”

“…Regarding dental anomalies, one of the most reported was hypodontia 5,7,13-15 followed by microdontia 3,7,12-14 and shape anomalies. 7, 13 Literature considers that dental anomalies in individuals with DS should not be considered as an isolated phenomena, but as part of a set of genetically determined characteristics, possibly associated with the slow rate of cell growth and the consequent reduction in the number of cells. 7 Gaith et al, 3 and Al-Maweri et al, 10 compared the gingival status of people with DS and controls, finding that the presence of gingivitis was similar in both groups.…”

Cytogenetic and clinical features of down syndrome in malang, east java, indonesia

“…In Indonesia, individuals with Down Syndrome showed hypodontia and microdontia as the most common dental anomalies. 6 One patient was found with hearing problem and one patient with an ophthalmology problem. Another study found that hearing loss risk reached 75% in children with DS and followed otitis media (50 -75%).…”

“…5 Other commonly exhibit growth abnormalities, including microcephaly, flat face, small nose and distressed nasal bridge. 6 Children with DS are more prone to congenital heart defects (CHD), gastrointestinal anomalies, endocrinopathies and cognitive impairment because of the presence of extra genetic material from chromosome 21. 4 CHD mostly presented with septal defects, such as Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD), followed by PDA.…”

Anomali gigi sebagai sarana identifikasi forensik

“…anomali gigi yang paling banyak adalah hypodontia dan microdontia. 46 Penelitian Desingu (2019) juga menyatakan bahwa prevalensi anomali gigi pada anak Down's syndrome lebih tinggi sekitar 50.47 -95.52% dengan kasus paling banyak adalah taurodontia dan anodontia, hal tersebut diduga berhubungan dengan mutasi kromosom dan juga tinkga keberisihan rongga mulut yang lebih rendah pada anak Down's syndrome. 47 Beberapa variasi anomali gigi juga dikaitkan dengan determinasi ras, misalnya dens evaginatus sering ditemukan pada ras Mongoloid dan Neo asia dengan prevalensi 3% -4,8% etnis Tionghoa dan populasi Eskimo, tetapi jarang terjadi pada populasi kulit putih.…”