The prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in Kelantanese schoolchildren were determined as part of an international study of the epidemiology of asthma and allergic diseases. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire was administered to 7055 schoolchildren from February 1995 to August 1995. The respondents were parents or guardians of 5-to 7-year-old children (n = 3939), and schoolchildren aged 12-14 years ( n = 31 16). The ISAAC video questionnaire (AVQ3.0) was shown to children aged 12-14 years after the written questionnaire. The overall prevalences of 'ever wheezed' and 'wheezing in last 12 months' were 9.4 and 6.0% respectively. The prevalence of 'ever diagnosed with asthma' was 9.4%. Both 'ever wheezed' and 'wheezing in the last 12 months' were significantly higher in 12to 14-year-old children than in 5-to 7-year-old children, with P values of 0.0006 and 0.014 respectively. No gender differences in the prevalences were observed. For the complete study group, 4.7% of children had sleep disturbed by wheezing but only 1.1% had a severe attack limiting speech in the preceding 12 months. Sleep disturbance was more common in the 12to 14-year-old children than in 5to 7-year-old children (P = 0.006). There was no difference between the age groups for severe attacks limiting speech. The overall prevalence of rhinitis and eczema symptoms were 27 and 12%, respectively. The prevalence of rhinitis in the 12-14 year age group (38.2%) was significantly higher (P c 0.OOOl) than in the 5-7 year age group (1 8.2%). The prevalence of eczema in the 5-7 year age group (13.7%) was significantly higher (P = c 0.0001) than in the 12-14 year age group (9.9%). These prevalence data are comparable with previous reports in Malaysian children, but are considerably lower than those reported for most developed countries ,
A827 conducted at HUSM including all patients undergoing general surgery serially between ages 18-75 years during 6 months duration. Patients who died before or during surgery and those who failed to come for follow-up were excluded. Each patient was under constant surveillance from the date of admission until 30 days post-operatively. SSI was defined as per Centers of Disease Control (CDC), USA criteria. Patients were stratified into risk groups according to SENIC and NNIS risk scoring index. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of total 180 patients enrolled, 23 (12.8%) developed SSI. Abdominal procedures had highest rate of SSI (65.2% of total SSI cases). NNIS index stratified 90 (50%) patients at risk of developing post-operative infection while SENIC identified 136 (75.6%) patients at risk. For NNIS, incidence of SSI in low, medium and high risk patients was 2.2%, 16.4% and 43.5% and for SENIC index it was 4.5%, 9.6% and 24.5% respectively. 15.4% patients had SSI who were stratified at risk by SENIC while NNIS risk group had 23.3% cases of SSI. Surprisingly, sensitivity of both indexing tools came out to be 91.3% (CI: 71.9%-98.9%) which is quite good however specificity was low (26.8%, CI: 20.0%-34.4%) for SENIC and comparatively high for NNIS (56.1%, CI: 47.9%-63.9%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the calculated risk in SENIC and NNIS models was derived and area-under-the-curve was larger for the NNIS model (Area: 0.799, p < 0.001). ConClusions: Both NNIS and SENIC are significant risk indexes and should be utilized concurrently, however NNIS proved to be more reliable index in our settings.
outstanding policies are implemented should be monitored. It remains to be seen if the passing of new public legislation will impact broader patient access to such rare disease treatments in China.
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