Digoxin did not reduce overall mortality, but it reduced the rate of hospitalization both overall and for worsening heart failure. These findings define more precisely the role of digoxin in the management of chronic heart failure.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms in Pakistani men, determine its predictors and assess its impact on the quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among men aged 30 years and over in three districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. The modified Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptom Score was used to assess the prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. Individuals with total symptom score ⩾8 were considered as having lower urinary tract symptoms. The data were analysed using SPSS version 22. The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the difference among categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Moreover, binary logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: The overall prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in our sample was 33.7%. The frequency of individuals having mild, moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms was 66.3, 30.3 and 3.4%, respectively. Storage symptoms were more common than voiding symptoms (35.6% vs 28.2%, respectively). Increasing age (one-decade interval age stratum), higher education levels, working status (currently not working), smoking, hypertension, diabetes and renal impairment were positive predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Moreover, the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms was associated with a significant reduction in an individual's quality of life. Conclusion: Around one-third of adult Pakistani men suffer from clinically relevant urinary symptoms, with lower urinary tract symptoms sufferers having poor quality of life as compared to non-sufferers. We recommend that the aging population should be made aware of conventional measures to mitigate mild urinary symptoms affecting their routine activities.

A843body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30. 62.2% of respondents reported taking steps to lose weight. These respondents were more likely to be female, of higher socioeconomic status, and more knowledgeable about their health (all p< .05). Among respondents who were trying to lose weight, only 27.5% had consulted a specialist. The primary reason for weight loss was to improve health (60.8%). Despite these intentions, success was limited. Only 34.3% reported having lost weight in the past 6 months (43.3% reported gaining weight) and the mean weight change was 0.5 kilograms (SD = 7.3). The most common treatments used for weight loss included exercise and dieting; 27.6% and 17.1% of respondents have used an over the counter (OTC)/herbal product and a prescription medication, respectively. Discontinuation rates were high with these treatments, as only between 28.0% and 48.8% of respondents who ever used OTC/ herbal products and prescription medications, were currently using those methods. Mean monthly out-of-pocket costs for OTC and prescription medications (combined) did not vary by socioeconomic status. ConClusions: The majority of respondents were taking steps to lose weight, employing a variety of strategies. Unfortunately, success of these strategies was limited. Additional weight loss treatments and increased obesity management advice may help improve weight loss success.

A909and age > 40 years (OR: 1.8, P= 0.014). ConClusions: Conclusively, patients with severe dengue illness accompanying by involvements of several organs and old age should be given prime importance in order to avoid their longer stay in the hospital.

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