Implants made of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) are widely and successfully used in dentistry. For certain indications, diameter-reduced Ti alloy implants with improved mechanical strength are highly desirable. The aim was to compare the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium (TiZr) and cpTi implants with a modifi ed sandblasted and acid-etched (SLActive) surface and with a Ti6Al4V alloy that was sand-blasted and acid-washed. Cylindrical implants with two, 0.75 mm deep, circumferential grooves were placed in the maxilla of miniature pigs and allowed to heal for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Undecalcifi ed toluidine blue-stained ground sections were produced. Surface topography, area fraction of tissue components, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined. All materials showed signifi cantly different surface roughness parameters. The amount of new bone within the implant grooves increased over time, without signifi cant differences between materials. However, BIC values were signifi cantly related to the implant material and the healing period. For TiZr and cpTi implants, the BIC increased over time, reaching values of 59.38 % and 76.15 % after 2 weeks, and 74.50 % and 84.67 % after 8 weeks, respectively. In contrast, the BIC for Ti6Al4V implants peaked with 42.29 % after 2 weeks followed by a decline to 28.60 % at 8 weeks. Signifi cantly more surface was covered by multinucleated giant cells on Ti6Al4V implants after 4 and 8 weeks. In conclusion, TiZr and cpTi implants showed faster osseointegration than Ti6Al4V implants. Both chemistry and surface topography might have infl uenced the results. The use of diameter-reduced TiZr implants in more challenging clinical situations warrants further documentation in long-term clinical studies.
Background:Three dimensional facial scanning is an innovation that provides opportunity for digital data acquisition, smile analysis and communication of treatment plan and outcome with patients.Objectives:To assess the applicability of 3D facial scanning as compared to 2D clinical photography.Materials & Methods:Sample consisted of thirty Caucasians aged between 25 and 50 years old, without any dentofacial deformities. Fifteen soft-tissue facial landmarks were identified twice by 3 observers on 2D and 3D images of the 30 subjects. Five linear proportions and nine angular measurements were established in the orbital, nasal and oral regions. These data were compared to anthropometric norms of young Caucasians. Furthermore, a questionnaire was completed by 14 other observers, according to their personal judgment of the 2D and 3D images.Results:Quantitatively, proportions linking the three facial regions in 3D were closer to the clinical standard (for 2D 3.3% and for 3D 1.8% error rate). Qualitatively, in 67% of the cases, observers were as confident about 3D as they were about 2D. Intra-observer Correlation Coefficient (ICC) revealed a better agreement between observers in 3D for the questions related to facial form, lip step and chin posture.Conclusion:The laser facial scanning could be a useful and reliable tool to analyze the circumoral region for orthodontic and orthognathic treatments as well as for plastic surgery planning and outcome.
Signs and symptoms A 44‐year‐old Caucasian woman was referred by her dentist for evaluation and treatment of a cystic lesion in the right mandibular angle. The referring dentist identified this lesion 3 weeks earlier by way a of routine dental radiograph. Medical history and social history The patient reported a chronic swelling of the right cheek caused by a recurrent lymphangioma, which had been surgically removed four times at other institutions. A cutaneous basal cell carcinoma located at the left side of the nose was successfully excised 7 years earlier. The patient didn't take any medication. Oral disease history Before the onset of repeated swelling and food impaction distal to the right second mandibular molar 2‐months ago, the patient did not have any symptoms. On palpation there was a hard and painless induration located at the lateral border of the right angle of the mandible. A panoramic radiograph demonstrated a well‐defined, multilocular radiolucency at the right mandibular angle and enclosing the crown of a deeply impacted third molar. Diagnoses Based on the clinical and radiological findings, the presumptive diagnosis was a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). The differential diagnosis included among others calcified odontogenic cyst, ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma, or ossyfying fibroma. The definite, histopathologically confirmed diagnosis was calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor with clear cell component (CCCEOT). Treatment The CCCEOT was treated by conservative surgery (enucleation). No recurrence was seen 30 months after treatment. This brings one more argument for a conservative surgical approach for the CEOTs/CCCEOTs of limited size.
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