We developed a process for micromachining polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): anisotropic pyrochemical microetching induced by synchrotron X-ray irradiation. X-ray irradiation was performed at room temperature. Upon heating, the irradiated PTFE substrates exhibited high-precision features. Both the X-ray diffraction peak and Raman signal from the irradiated areas of the substrate decreased with increasing irradiation dose. The etching mechanism is speculated as follows: X-ray irradiation caused chain scission, which decreased the number-average degree of polymerization. The melting temperature of irradiated PTFE decreased as the polymer chain length decreased, enabling the treated regions to melt at a lower temperature. The anisotropic pyrochemical etching process enabled the fabrication of PTFE microstructures with higher precision than simultaneously heating and irradiating the sample.
SUMMARYIt is commonly believed that improved interaction between humans and electronic device, it is effective to draw the viewer's attention to a particular object. Augmented reality (AR) applications can call attention to real objects by overlaying highlight effects or visual stimuli (such as arrows) on a physical scene. Sometimes, more subtle effects would be desirable, in which case it would be necessary to smoothly and naturally guide the user's gaze without external stimuli. Here, a novel image modification method is proposed for directing a viewer's gaze to specific regions of interest. The proposed method uses saliency analysis and color modulation to create modified images in which the region of interest is the most salient region in the entire image. The proposed saliency map model that is used during saliency analysis reduces computational costs and improves the naturalness of the image using the LAB color space and simplified normalization. During color modulation, the modulation value of each LAB component is determined in order to consider the relationship between the LAB components and the saliency value. With the image obtained in this manner, the viewer's attention is smoothly attracted to a specific region very naturally. Gaze measurements as well as a subjective experiments were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. These results show that a viewer's visual attention is indeed attracted toward the specified region without any sense of discomfort or disruption when the proposed method is used.
The development of thin-film electronic and magnetic properties with film sire are addressed in a study of Fe on Au(WI), up to 10 Fe layers thick and including the Au averlayer formed during normal growth conditions. Enhanced moments at the FeIAu interfa+e are observed. decaying to bulk over 3 Fe layers. and the weak F e A u inferaction is reflected i0 moments similar lo those of the Fe(W1) surface and in a very small asymmeuy i n the magnetic properties of the Fe film. Calculated hyperfine fields are found to exhibit a smng dependence upon film thickness and no simple relationship with the local spin moments. Densities of states and core-level shifts reflect changes in nearest-neighbour spsies and give a consistent p i c m of the interface bonding. The development of zone-centre states with film thickness is followed. and bulk-band overlap and interfacial bonding are found to influence h e disuibulion of quanhun well states sbongly.
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