A grazing incidence constant deviation monochromator with a spherical concave grating was fabricated for use with undulator radiation. It has a simple scanning mechanism with fixed entrance and exit slits, as wen as fixed directions of incident and exit beams. It has been installed into an undulator beamHne at IMS. Synchrotron radiation from a bending section also can be introduced into the monochromator by using premirrors. The energy resolution of the monochromatoris better than 70 meV at the photon energy of94 e V with lO-pm slits, when the bending magnet synchrotron radiation is used. The spot size of the zeroth-order light is 1.5(v) X2.0(h) mm 2 at the distance of 1.85 m behind a postmirror. The photon flux of the undulator radiation behind the exit slit is approximately 1 X 10 12 photons/s at the peak, when both the entrance and exit slits are 100 pm (IlE = 0.08 e V) and the stored current is 50 mAo 2105Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60 (7),
A micropore with a diameter of 50–100 µm was formed, which penetrated a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate and a Teflon substrate. The single-ion-channel current of gramicidin A (g-A) was measured for the planar lipid bilayer with reconstructed g-A formed in this micropore. The background noise in the SOI substrate was almost at an equivalent level to that in the Teflon substrate. It can be concluded from the noise analysis that a noise characteristic of the same level as that of the Teflon substrate or the glass substrate can be achieved for the Si substrate by controlling the substrate structure in the vicinity of the micropore with a wide range of pore diameters.
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