We demonstrated that there is increased SNHL in patients with RA, which may result from systemic inflammation and tissue injury, and increased latent-type CHL caused by stiffness of the middle ear system whose mechanisms are not yet clear.

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Objective– Intraoperative monitoring is very important for protecting nerve roots during lumbar surgery for spinal degeneration. Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between the type of mechanical irritation and waveform by mechanically elicited EMGs during the surgery. Methods– Mechanically elicited EMGs were recorded bilaterally on muscle groups innervated by the lumbar nerve roots in the area of surgery in 24 consecutive patients with lumbar spinal degenerative disease. Results– It was confirmed that surgical irritation produced 3 types of waveforms as discharges from nerve roots; short, waning and continuous discharges. Each waveform was easily elicited mechanically and was sensitively related to the type and strength of mechanical stimulation. Conclusion– It was indicated that the mechanical irritation on the root could elicit the nerve root discharge with no post‐operative nerve root deficit. It may be useful to monitor the mechanically elicited EMGs during the surgery for spinal degeneration.

An enhanced SP/AP ratio might not always indicate the presence of endolymphatic hydrops associated with an increase in endolymphatic pressure. An increased AP con-rar difference might reflect the presence of a biased basilar membrane resulting from an increased endolymphatic pressure, and hence it is diagnostically essential to simultaneously evaluate the SP/AP ratio and the AP con-rar difference.

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