Working overseas is an attempt to earn higher income and to accumulate financial capitals to run small enterprise in migrants' place of origins. In fact, manyBekerja di luar negeri merupakan salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan penghasilan yang lebih besar dan mengumpulkan modal finansial untuk berwirausaha di daerah asal migran. Pada kenyataannya, banyak tenaga kerja migran Indonesia, yang telah pulang ke daerah asal, memutuskan untuk bermigrasi kembali, baik ke negara tempat bekerja sebelumnya maupun ke negara tujuan yang baru. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya migrasi berulang oleh mantan tenaga kerja internasional. Studi ini menggunakan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada penelitian di Desa Sukorejo Wetan, Kabupaten Tulungagung, salah satu desa pengirim tenaga kerja Indonesia. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui survei pada rumah tangga terpilih, sementara data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, FGD (focus group discussion), dan observasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan empat faktor dominan yang menyebabkan terjadinya migrasi tenaga kerja internasional secara berulang, yaitu: (1) penghasilan selama bekerja di luar negeri yang dikirim ke daerah asal hanya cukup untuk kebutuhan konsumsi; (2) mantan tenaga kerja internasional sulit beradaptasi dengan kondisi ketenagakerjaan di daerah asal, terutama keterbatasan kesempatan kerja dan upah yang rendah; (3) keterbatasan kemampuan berwirausaha; dan (4) keberadaan jaringan sosial yang mendukung terjadinya migrasi berulang.
Significant improvement in information, communication and technology, followed by increased transportation access has made circular mobility much easier. Although circular mobility is not a well-established concept, it refers to repeated migration experiences between origin and destination areas, and there is no intention to stay permanently in any particular destination. This paper aims to assess current types of population mobility, with special focus on circular mobility. Besides literature review, the analysis on this study based on recent studies on population mobility conducted by Research Centre for Population - Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The results show that there is a tendency for increased flow of circular mobility. In general, circular mobility is motivated by occupation and education reasons. Migrant workers still intend to migrate to other destinations that offer better job opportunities. Moreover, students plan to move to origins or move to new destinations after completing their education
One attempt to alleviate poverty of fishermen is, among others, by creating alternative income generating activities to facilitate additional income. The activities are implemented through diversification of household income's sources. This enables fishermen to carry out jobs other than fisheries, which is also an effective effort to conserve marine resources. The reason is because alternative income generating activities could reduce the high dependency of fishery households on marine resources. This paper aims to assess alternative income-generating activities implemented through the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (Coremap). It is based on two Coremap study sites, ie. the City of Batam in the Province of Riau Islands and the district of Pangkajene Islands (Pangkep) in the Province of South Sulawesi. This paper based on qualitative data, particularly on the supporting and challenging factors in implementing income-generating activities. The result of data analysis shows that the alternative income generated activities offered by the program tend to neglect the work habits of the targeted groups. For example, the activities requested target population to work collectively in a group. However, in reality, they are not accustomed to such manner. Moreover, the initiated income generated activities took quite long time to harvest, while the target population normally carried out quick yielding jobs.
The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic negatively impacts the Indonesian migrant workers since their host countries suffer from the effect of infectious diseases. A big number of Indonesian migrant workers lost their jobs which caused them unable to send money to their families at home country. This paper aims to discuss the impacts of Covid-19 on Indonesian migrant workers' welfare and their families at home country. This paper is based on analysing existing statistical data and reviewing existing literature and research publications. The results show that the direct impacts of Covid-19 on Indonesian migrant workers are layoffs for both permanent and temporary workers. Indonesian migrant workers who have been laid off have to go back to their home country. Some Indonesian migrant workers who are still working in host countries received decreasing income due to salary reduction and no additional income for their extra working hours. Such condition brings about negative impacts on Indonesian migrant workers' welfare and their families at home country, mainly because of the reduce of remittances, reaching 10.28 percent during the Covid-19 pandemic. Considering the condition of migrant workers' families who have experienced a decrease in remittances, they should be eligible for receiving any safety net from social security programs due to Covid-19 pandemic impact.
The Indonesian government has imposed policies of restricting population mobility to control COVID-19 transmission. Several population mobility regulations have been implemented, which were heavily affected by fluctuation in COVID-19 positive cases. This paper discusses trends in population mobility due to various policies related to population mobility restriction, nationally and locally. Analyses were based on secondary data, including population mobility restriction policies and trends in the number of COVID-19 cases since the government has formally declared the peak of the second wive at mid-2021. Data on the number of airplane passengers departing from and arriving at Soekarno-Hatta airport from March 2020 to August 2021 was also used. The results of the analysis show that the trend of passengers’ mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by government policy on transportation, referring to the fluctuation of the daily number of positively confirmed COVID-19 cases. In the case of increasing of the positive cases, the government issued a policy on tightening aircraft passenger requirements which resulted in a decreasing number of passengers, and vice versa. Currently, the increase in COVID-19 cases shows the sloping trend, but efforts to control its transmission, including population mobility restriction, must still be carried out.
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