This paper aims to understand how is the globalization of migration and the role of the diaspora to their country of origin. Though it has remained largely untested, it is commonly assumed that international migration has accelerated as part of globalization processes. The broad trend of the globalization of migration assumes to be one of contributing factor to establishment and engagement of diaspora. Globalization of Migration measured by an increase in stock and widening in geographical scope of international migration may occur mainly due revolution of information, communication, and transportation that have significantly reduced the cost of migration. Such situation not only increases in the volume of migration but also generates the shift in global migration pattern. The change to new destination followed by the rise of migration are more likely to connect immigrants into one big community or to join to existing diaspora to ensure their transnational life and also to keep well and strong connection with their homeland. Diaspora that has been long established affects development in countries of origin. Such participation in development is not only in remittances, but also in building bridges between countries of origin and destination which convey in economic activity, transfers of, skills, technological development, and cultural enrichment.Keywords: Globalization, Migration, Diaspora
Significant improvement in information, communication and technology, followed by increased transportation access has made circular mobility much easier. Although circular mobility is not a well-established concept, it refers to repeated migration experiences between origin and destination areas, and there is no intention to stay permanently in any particular destination. This paper aims to assess current types of population mobility, with special focus on circular mobility. Besides literature review, the analysis on this study based on recent studies on population mobility conducted by Research Centre for Population - Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The results show that there is a tendency for increased flow of circular mobility. In general, circular mobility is motivated by occupation and education reasons. Migrant workers still intend to migrate to other destinations that offer better job opportunities. Moreover, students plan to move to origins or move to new destinations after completing their education
The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic negatively impacts the Indonesian migrant workers since their host countries suffer from the effect of infectious diseases. A big number of Indonesian migrant workers lost their jobs which caused them unable to send money to their families at home country. This paper aims to discuss the impacts of Covid-19 on Indonesian migrant workers' welfare and their families at home country. This paper is based on analysing existing statistical data and reviewing existing literature and research publications. The results show that the direct impacts of Covid-19 on Indonesian migrant workers are layoffs for both permanent and temporary workers. Indonesian migrant workers who have been laid off have to go back to their home country. Some Indonesian migrant workers who are still working in host countries received decreasing income due to salary reduction and no additional income for their extra working hours. Such condition brings about negative impacts on Indonesian migrant workers' welfare and their families at home country, mainly because of the reduce of remittances, reaching 10.28 percent during the Covid-19 pandemic. Considering the condition of migrant workers' families who have experienced a decrease in remittances, they should be eligible for receiving any safety net from social security programs due to Covid-19 pandemic impact.
The Indonesian government has imposed policies of restricting population mobility to control COVID-19 transmission. Several population mobility regulations have been implemented, which were heavily affected by fluctuation in COVID-19 positive cases. This paper discusses trends in population mobility due to various policies related to population mobility restriction, nationally and locally. Analyses were based on secondary data, including population mobility restriction policies and trends in the number of COVID-19 cases since the government has formally declared the peak of the second wive at mid-2021. Data on the number of airplane passengers departing from and arriving at Soekarno-Hatta airport from March 2020 to August 2021 was also used. The results of the analysis show that the trend of passengers’ mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by government policy on transportation, referring to the fluctuation of the daily number of positively confirmed COVID-19 cases. In the case of increasing of the positive cases, the government issued a policy on tightening aircraft passenger requirements which resulted in a decreasing number of passengers, and vice versa. Currently, the increase in COVID-19 cases shows the sloping trend, but efforts to control its transmission, including population mobility restriction, must still be carried out.
Around 60,5% of workers in Indonesia rely on the informal sector, and in mid of 2020 almost half of them were in urban areas. The urban informal sector workers commonly are in small enterprises with low productivity, low liquidity, and negligible capital accumulation. They engage in street vending, home-based work, waste picking, domestic jobs, and other short-term contracts, and they do not enjoy workers’ benefis and social protection programs, thus they are vulnerable to shock, including Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic does not only bring negative impact on the health sector, but it has also triggered an economic downturn. In terms of urban informal sector activities, various social policies (PSBB, Java-Bali PPKM, Emergency PPKM and Micro PPKM) sharply reduce the economic opportunities for informal economy workers who rely to a large extent on the personal contact with customers. Job losses and decreased income have been experienced by the majority of informal sector workers. This condition has to be overcome with various strategies to be able to maintain the continuity of their economic activities. This article discusses the strategies of urban informal sector workers to maintain sustainable livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategy carried out is focused on the use of social networks. The data used for writing this article is sourced from primary data. Data was collected using a qualitative approach in Bekasi Timur sub-district, Bekasi City, West Java Province. In addition, the article also uses the existing data related to the issued being studied.
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