This paper studies the phytochemical analysis of the acetone extracts of the Ramalina fraxinea and Ramalina fastigiata lichens and the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities of these species and their constituents. The phytochemical analysis of two Ramalina species was evaluated using HPLC-UV test. The depsides (evernic acid, obtusatic acid, sekikaic acid and atranorin), depsidones (protocetraric acid) and dibenzofurane (usnic acid) were identified from these lichens. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay, reducing power assay and by measuring the amounts of total phenolics in extracts. Antimicrobial activity was tested towards five bacterial and 10 fungal species, using broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Cytotoxic activity was tested using MTT method on the human epithelial carcinoma (Hela), human lung carcinoma (A549) and human colon carcinoma (LS174) cells. As a result of the study, tested samples showed strong free radical scavenging activity with I50 values within the range of 285.45-423.51 μg/mL. Absorbance for reducing power was found to be from 0.0043 to 0.1747. The total amount of phenol concentrations in extracts of Ramalina fraxinea and Ramalina fastigiata was 32.63 and 33.49 μg PE/mg, respectively. Methyl evernate showed the strongest antimicrobial properties with the least measured MIC value being 0.125 mg/mL. In addition, all samples exhibited strong anticancer activities against tested cells (I50 values were between 24.63 and 161.37 μg/mL). These results indicate that lichen appears to be a possible natural biopharmaceutical.
Inappropriate oral hygiene, less frequent changes of a toothbrush and less frequent visits to the dentist are important risk factors for severe dental anxiety.
The present study describes in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts which were obtained from the leaves and twigs of the plant Daphne cneorum L. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was tested against human pathogenic microorganisms using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. The two tested extracts showed good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The results of a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method showed that 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin is one of the most abundant secondary metabolite in the tested extracts. The results of this study clearly indicated that the extracts of D. cneorum could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents
Allium ursinum L. (A. ursinum, family Amaryllidaceae), better known under the name of wild garlic, ramson or bearís garlic is a perennial herbaceous plant. It naturally grows in fens and marshes of Europe and Asia (1-3). Increasingly, popular in European kitchen A. ursinum can be used as a salad, spice or vegetable since all parts of the plant are edible. Throughout history leaves, bulbs and the aerial part of this plant species have been used in traditional medicine as therapeutic and prophylactic agents (4-6). Numerous biologically active compounds enable this plant species to be implemented in the healing of various conditions for years. The most common are sulfur compounds which are considered to largely contribute to the pharmacological activity and from which originates a characteristic smell and taste (7). In addition to a significant presence of phenols, flavonoids, there are in a lesser extent other steroidal glycosides, amino acids, fatty acids, lecithin, essential oil (4, 8, 9). The aforementioned bioactive compounds can be exploited and used in the form of various extracts. Experimental investigations indicate the efficiency of the application A. ursinum in prevention and treatment of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, diabetes, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, elevated cholesterol level, as well as the inflammatory diseases (10-14). Itís been known that the applied extraction method and extraction solvent may substantially affect the quality and concentration of targeted com
Purpose: To investigate the phytochemical composition, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the leaf and twig extracts of Daphne alpina L. (Thymelaeaceae (26.79 -35.24 μg/mL), ferrous ion chelating ability (21.57 -45.45 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (87.98 -98.86 μg/mL
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